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Momwe Mungayikitsire Anti-Seize pa Exhaust Manifold Bolts

Momwe Mungayikitsire Anti-Seize pa Exhaust Manifold Bolts

Momwe Mungayikitsire Anti-Seize pa Exhaust Manifold Bolts

Gwero la Zithunzi:pexels

Zikafika kuanti-seize pa bolts zotulutsa zambiri, tanthauzo lake silinganenedwe mopambanitsa. Popewakugwidwa, kukwiya, ndi dzimbirim'malo otentha kwambiri, pawiri izi zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakusunga umphumphu waManifold Engine Exhaustzigawo. Ubwino wake ndi woonekeratu: kusungunula kosavuta panthawi yokonza komanso kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha bawuti. Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika kungayambitse zovuta monga kumangirira kwambiri kapena kuwonongeka kwa ulusi. Kumvetsanjira zoyenera zokhudzidwandikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito kuthekera konse kwaanti-seize pa bolts zotulutsa zambiri.

Kumvetsetsa Anti-Seize Compounds

Pamene delving mu ufumu waAnti-Seize Compounds, munthu amakumana ndi mafuta apadera opangidwa mwaluso kuti alepheretsezitsulo kuti asagwire, kukwiya, ndi kuwononga. Chigawochi chimakhala ndi kuphatikizika kwa zolimba zothira mafuta monga graphite, mkuwa, aluminiyamu, ndi zinki zomwe zimayikidwa mumafuta kapena mafuta. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwake kumadutsa m'magawo osiyanasiyana amakina ophatikizira magalimoto, zakuthambo, zam'madzi, ndi makina opanga mafakitale.

Kodi Anti-Seize ndi chiyani?

Mapangidwe ndi Mitundu

Kuwulula tanthauzo laAnti-Seize Compound, imatuluka ngati chinthu chofunikira kwambiri popewa zotsatira zoyipa zakukhudzana kwachitsulo ndi zitsulo. Kuphatikizidwa kwa graphite, mkuwa, aluminiyamu, ndi zinki mkati mwa sing'anga yamafuta kumapangacore composition. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana monga Nickel Yotentha Kwambiri, Zosiyanasiyana zochokera ku Copper zimakwaniritsa zofunikira zogwirira ntchito.

Ubwino Wogwiritsa Ntchito Anti-Seize

Ubwino woperekedwa ndiAnti-Seize Compoundsndi zambiri. Amakhala ngati zishango zamphamvu zolimbana ndi dzimbiri komanso kulanda zizolowezi m'malo otentha kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, zophatikizikazi zimathandizira kuthyoledwa kosavuta kwa zomangira ndi zida zake kwinaku zikuthandizira kupititsa patsogolo moyo wautali.

Momwe Anti-Seize Compounds Amagwirira ntchito

Njira Zochita

Mphamvu zogwirira ntchito zoyambiraAnti-Seize Compoundsndi zochititsa chidwi. Mwa kupanga chotchinga chotchinga pakati pa zigawo zachitsulo, amachepetsa kuopsa kwa dzimbiri ndi galling kwambiri.

Kutentha Kwambiri Anti-Seize

Pazochitika zomwe zimafuna kupirira kutentha kwapamwamba, kutumizidwa kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Kutentha Kwambiri kumakhala kothandiza. Mankhwala apaderawa amaonetsetsa kuti akugwira ntchito bwino ngakhale pakatentha kwambiri.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Anti-Seize Compounds

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Magalimoto

M'dera la magalimoto,Anti-Seize Compoundspezani zothandiza kwambiri poteteza zinthu zofunika kuti zisachite dzimbiri ndi kugwidwa. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo pa ma bolts, zomangira, ndi ma valve kumatsimikiziramulingo woyenera magwiridwe antchitondi kumasuka kukonza.

Zogwiritsa Ntchito Zamakampani

Mu zoikamo mafakitale yodziwika ndi okhwima makina ntchito, udindo waAnti-Seize Compoundsndizofunikira. Kuchokera pamakina olemera kupita ku makina ovuta kwambiri, mankhwalawa amakhala ngati oteteza ku zovuta zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi kuwonongeka.

Kusankha Pamodzi Anti-Seize Compound

Mfundo Zofunika Kuziganizira

  • Mwatsatanetsatane wa Ntchito: Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yolimbana ndi kugwidwa imagwira ntchito mwapadera, kuwonetsetsa kuti ikugwira ntchito bwino m'malo osiyanasiyana. Kumvetsetsa zofunikira pamakina anu ndikofunikira pakusankha koyenera kwambiri.
  • Kulimbana ndi Kutentha: Posankha anti-seize compound, ganizirani za kutentha komwe kudzawonekera. Mitundu ya nickel yotentha kwambiri imaperekakukana kutentha kwapamwamba, yabwino kwa malo omwe ali ndi zofunikira kwambiri zotentha.
  • Kugwirizana kwazinthu: Onetsetsani kuti zikugwirizana pakati pa anti-seize compound ndi zipangizo zomwe zidzagwirizane nazo. Kusankha pawiri yoyenera kumateteza galvanic dzimbiri ndikuonetsetsa kuti nthawi yayitali ikugwira ntchito.
  • Mikhalidwe Yachilengedwe: Zomwe zimapangidwira zachilengedwe zomwe zingakhudze makina. Pazinthu zam'madzi kapena malo okhala ndi chinyezi chambiri, mafuta oletsa kugwidwa opanda zitsulo amapereka chitetezo chokwanira ku dzimbiri.

Common Brands and Products

"Chitsulo chotsutsana ndi kulanda ndi mafuta omwe amapangidwa makamaka kuti azichitakuletsa zitsulo kuti zisagwire, kukwiya, ndi kuwononga.” -Anti-Seize Compounds

Mukamayang'ana zosankha zamagulu oletsa kugwidwa, mitundu yosiyanasiyana yodziwika bwino imapereka mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazinthu zogwirizana ndi zosowa zenizeni:

  1. LOCTITE® Metal Free Anti-Seize Lubricants:
  • Zapangidwira malo ovuta okhala ndi mchere wambiri komanso chinyezi.
  • Ndiwoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito panyanja chifukwa chachitetezo chake choteteza dzimbiri.
  1. Anti Seize Compound/Paste:
  • Amapangidwa ndi mafuta olimba omwazika mumafuta kapena binder.
  • Imateteza zitsulo zosiyana kuti zisawonongeke m'malo owononga kwambiri.
  1. Anti-Seize Lubricating Compounds:
  • Amapereka mafuta apamwamba kwambiri osagwirizana ndi kutentha kwambiri.
  • Amapereka chotchinga chotchinga pakati pa zigawo zachitsulo, zomwe zimathandizira kuthyolako kosavuta kwa zomangira.

Poganizira izi ndikuwunika zinthu zodziwika bwino monga LOCTITE® Metal Free Anti-Seize Lubricants ndi Anti Seize Compound/Paste, mutha kuwonetsetsa kuti makina anu amagwira ntchito bwino komanso amakhala ndi moyo wautali.

Kukonzekera Kugwiritsa Ntchito

Pamene mukukonzekera kugwiritsa ntchitoanti-seize pa bolts zotulutsa zambiri, kukonzekera mosamala n'kofunika kwambiri kuti mukhale ndi zotsatira zabwino. Gawo loyamba likukhudzakuyeretsa ulusibwino, kukhazikitsa njira yopangira ntchito yopanda msoko. Gawo lokonzekerali silimangowonjezera mphamvu ya anti-seize pawiri koma imathandizanso kuti zigawo zomwe zikukhudzidwazo zikhale zautali.

Kuyeretsa Ulusi

Zida ndi Zida Zofunika

  • Burashi Wawaya: Ndizofunikira pochotsa zinyalala kapena dzimbiri pa ulusi.
  • Gulani Ma Towels: Kupukuta ndikuwonetsetsa kuti pali malo oyera kuti mugwiritse ntchito.
  • Solvent Cleaner: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusungunula zoipitsa zilizonse zokakamira pa ulusi.
  • Magolovesi Otetezeka: Tetezani manja anu panthawi yoyeretsa.

Njira Yoyeretsera Pang'onopang'ono

  1. Yambani pogwiritsa ntchito burashi yawaya kuti mukolose mwamphamvu ulusiwo, kuchotsa litsiro kapena dzimbiri.
  2. Gwiritsani ntchito matawulo am'sitolo kuti mupukute ulusi, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti pamalo osalala komanso oyera opanda zotsalira.
  3. Ikani zosungunulira zosungunulira kuti musungunule chinyezi chilichonse chomwe chimapangitsa kuti pakhale ulusi wosalala.
  4. Valani magolovesi oteteza nthawi yonseyi kuti muteteze manja anu ku zinthu zomwe zingakukhumudwitseni.

Kusankha Zida Zoyenera

Wrenches ndi Sockets

  • Socket Wrench Set: Oyenera kuteteza mabawuti molondola komanso mosavuta.
  • Wrench ya Torque: Imawonetsetsa kumangika kolondola kwa ma bolts pambuyo polemba ntchito.
  • Thread Tap: Zothandiza pokonzanso ulusi ngati kuli kofunikira mutatha kuyeretsa.

Chitetezo Zida

  • Magalasi Otetezedwa: Tetezani maso anu ku zinyalala kapena zotsukira zowaza.
  • Mask opumira: Amalangizidwa pogwira ntchito ndi zotsukira zosungunulira zamphamvu.

Chitetezo

Musanayambe kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oletsa kugwidwa, ndikofunikira kuvomereza ndikutsata njira zodzitetezera. Kusamalira mankhwalawa kumafuna khama ndi kusamala kuti mupewe ngozi iliyonse panthawi yogwiritsira ntchito.

Kusamalira Anti-Seize Compounds

  1. Nthawi zonse werengani ndikutsata malangizo a wopanga mosamala musanagwiritse ntchito.
  2. Sungani mankhwala oletsa kugwidwa m'malo ozizira, owuma kutali ndi dzuwa kapena kutentha.
  3. Pewani kukhudzana ndi khungu kapena maso; Valani magalavu oteteza ndi magalasi pamene mukugwira zinthu izi.

Zida Zodzitetezera

  1. Ikani patsogolo kuvala magolovesi oteteza chitetezo munthawi yonseyi kuti muteteze manja anu kuti asatengeke ndi mankhwala.
  2. Valani zovala zodzitchinjiriza monga magalasi oteteza maso kapena magalasi oteteza maso kuti musawononge mwangozi kuti musafike m'maso mwanu.

Mwa kutsatira mosamala masitepe okonzekerawa, kusankha zida zoyenera, ndikuyika patsogolo njira zotetezera, mumatsegula njira yogwiritsira ntchito bwino zoletsa kugwidwa pamaboliti otulutsa mphamvu zambiri ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mukuyenda bwino panthawi yonseyi.

Njira Yogwiritsira Ntchito Pang'onopang'ono

Njira Yogwiritsira Ntchito Pang'onopang'ono
Gwero la Zithunzi:osasplash

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Anti-Seize ku Bolts

Kuti tiyambe ntchito yofunsira,Anti-Seizeziyenera kuikidwa bwino pamaboti molunjika komanso mosamala. Kuwonetsetsa kuti njira zoyenera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zimatsimikizira magwiridwe antchito komanso moyo wautali wazinthu zomwe zikukhudzidwa.

Njira Zoyenera

  1. Yambani pogawa pang'onoAnti-Seizepa ulusi wa bolt.
  2. Gwiritsani ntchito burashi kapena chogwiritsira ntchito kuti mugawe mofanana pamagulu onse a ulusi.
  3. Tembenuzani bawuti pang'onopang'ono kuti muwonetsetse kuphimba kwathunthu ndikulowaAnti-Seizemu ulusi.
  4. Pewani kugwiritsa ntchito mopitirira muyeso chifukwa kungayambitse kuwonongeka ndi kusokoneza zinthu zina.

Ndalama Zogwiritsidwa Ntchito

  • Gwiritsani ntchito kuchuluka kokwanira koma kosasinthaAnti-Seizekuphimba ulusi mokwanira.
  • Chosanjikiza chopyapyala, chofanana ndi chabwino kuposa kugwiritsa ntchito mopitilira muyeso kuti chiteteze kuchulukira ndikusunga mphamvu.
  • Onetsetsani kuti mbali zonse za ulusi zakutidwa mofanana kuti zitetezeke kuti zisagwidwe ndi dzimbiri.

Kuyika ma Bolts

Kutsatira kugwiritsa ntchito kwaAnti-Seize, kuyika mabawuti moyenera ndikofunikira kuti pakhale ntchito yabwino komanso moyo wautali. Kutsatira ma torque ndi kupewa kumangirira mopitilira muyeso ndizofunikira kwambiri panthawiyi.

Zofunikira za Torque

  1. Onani malangizo opanga kapena zida zamitengo yovomerezeka ya torque.
  2. Gwiritsani ntchito wrench ya torque kuti mumangitse mabawuti pang'onopang'ono malinga ndi ma torque omwe mwatchulidwa.
  3. Kulimbitsa kwambiri kungayambitse kuwonongeka kwa ulusi kapena kusokonezeka kwa chigawocho, kusokoneza ntchito yonse.

Kupewa Kumangitsa Kwambiri

  • Chenjerani mukamangitsa mabawuti mukamaliza kugwiritsa ntchito kuti mupewe milingo ya torque yopitilira yomwe ikufunika.
  • Yang'anirani ma torque pafupipafupi pakuyika, kuwonetsetsa kuti akugwirizana ndi zomwe mwalemba.
  • Kumangitsa kwambiri kumatha kupangitsa kuti ulusi ukhale wosinthika, kuchepetsa kukhulupirika kwa ma fastener ndikuyambitsa zovuta zogwirira ntchito.

Macheke Pambuyo Kuyika

Mukamaliza kukhazikitsa mabawuti, kuyang'ana mozama pambuyo poyika ndikofunikira kuti muwonetsetse kuti ntchito yoyenera ndi yotetezedwa.

Kuyang'anira Ntchito Yoyenera

  1. Yang'anani mowoneka bawuti iliyonse kuti mugawane mofananaAnti-Seizepa ulusi.
  2. Yang'anani chigawo chilichonse chowonjezera chomwe chingakhale chozungulira mitu ya bawuti kapena malo okwerera.
  3. Onetsetsani kuti palibe mipata kapena zosagwirizanaAnti-Seizekuphimba zomwe zingasokoneze chitetezo chake.

Kuonetsetsa kuti Safe Fit

  • Tsimikizirani kuti mabawuti onse amangika motetezedwa molingana ndi ma torque omwe mwatchulidwa popanda zisonyezo zolimba kwambiri.
  • Chitani cheke chomaliza pa kukhazikika kwa bawuti iliyonse ndikuyika pamalo ake osankhidwa.
  • Tsimikizirani kuti zida zolumikizidwa ndi mabawuti zikuwonetsa zolumikizana zokhazikika zomwe siziseweredwa kapena kusamalidwa molakwika.

Potsatira mosamalitsa masitepe paanti-seize pa bolts zotulutsa zambirikugwiritsa ntchito, ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kuteteza makina awo kuti asagwire, kuluma, ndi dzimbiri pomwe amalimbikitsa njira zosamalira bwino kuti zikhale zodalirika kwa nthawi yayitali.

Zolakwa Wamba ndi Malangizo

Zolakwa Wamba ndi Malangizo
Gwero la Zithunzi:pexels

Pankhani yofunsiraanti-seize pa bolts zotulutsa zambiri, kupeŵa zolakwa zofala ndi kutsatira malangizo ofunikira kungapangitse kusiyana kwakukulu mu moyo wautali ndi ntchito ya zigawo zanu. Pomvetsetsa zoopsa zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mopitirira muyeso, kupewa kumangiriza mopitirira muyeso, komanso kuthana ndi ma bolts omata bwino, mukhoza kuonetsetsa kuti ntchitoyo ikuyendera bwino komanso zotsatira zabwino.

Kupewa Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mochulukitsitsa

Zowopsa Zogwiritsa Ntchito Mochulukira

Kugwiritsa ntchito kwambirianti-seize compoundzingayambitse zovuta zosayembekezereka zomwe zingasokoneze kukhulupirika kwa zomangira zanu. Kugwiritsa ntchito mopitirira muyeso sikungowononga katunduyo koma kungayambitsenso kusokoneza kotheka ndi zigawo zina. Ndikofunikira kuti pakhale mgwirizano pakati pa kuphimba kokwanira ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mopitirira muyeso kuti muwonjezere phindu la pawiri.

  • Kuti mupewe kuwonongeka ndikuwonetsetsa kuti chitetezo chikugwira ntchito, gwiritsani ntchito kuchuluka kokhazikika kwaanti-kulandapa ulusi.
  • Kugwiritsa ntchito mopitirira muyeso kumatha kupangitsa kuti pakhale kuchulukana, kusokoneza kusanjika kwa zigawo zake ndikuyambitsa zovuta zogwirira ntchito.
  • Kusunga woonda, yunifolomu wosanjikiza waanti-kulandandiye chinsinsi cholimbikitsira moyo wautali komanso kusamalidwa bwino kwa mabawuti anu otulutsa utsi wambiri.

Ndalama Zoyenera Kugwiritsa Ntchito

Kudziwa kuchuluka kolondola kwaanti-kulandakugwiritsa ntchito kumafuna kulondola komanso kusamalitsa mwatsatanetsatane. Potsatira malangizo omwe aperekedwa ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira zoyenera, mutha kukulitsa zoteteza zapawiriyo ndikuchepetsa zovuta zilizonse chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri.

  1. Yambani ndikugawa pang'onoanti-kulandaku ulusi, kuonetsetsa kuti igawika molingana ndi utali wonse.
  2. Gwiritsani ntchito burashi kapena chogwiritsira ntchito kuti mufalitse pawiri mofanana, kuti mulowe mu ulusi bwino.
  3. Tembenuzani bawuti mofatsa kuti mutsimikizire kutsekedwa kwathunthu popanda kuchuluka kowonjezera komwe kungalepheretse kuyikika koyenera.
  4. Potsatira izi mosamala, mutha kukhala ndi malire abwino pakati pa chitetezo ndi magwiridwe antchito a ma bolt anu otulutsa.

Kupewa Kulimbitsa Kwambiri

Kumvetsetsa Torque

Kufunika komvetsetsa ma torque sikungachulukitsidwe pakuyika zomangira zomwe zimayikidwaanti-seiize mankhwala. Kugwiritsa ntchito torque moyenera kumatsimikizira kukhazikika kotetezeka popanda kusokoneza kukhulupirika kwa ulusi kapena kulumikizana kwagawo. Podziwa ma torque ndikugwiritsa ntchito zida zoyenera, mutha kupewa zovuta zokhudzana ndi kumangitsa bwino.

  • Onani malangizo opanga kapena zida zamitengo yovomerezeka yokhudzana ndi pulogalamu yanu.
  • Gwiritsani ntchito wrench ya torque kuti mumangitse mabawuti pang'onopang'ono malinga ndi momwe mwakonzera, kupewa kuchita zinthu modzidzimutsa.
  • Kuyang'anira milingo ya torque mosamalitsa pakukhazikitsa kumathandizira kupewa kupotoza kwa ulusi kapena kuwonongeka kwa gawo chifukwa chomangika kwambiri.

Kugwiritsa ntchito Torque Wrenches

Kugwiritsa ntchito ma wrenches a torque pakuyika mabawuti kumapereka kuwongolera kolondola pakulimbitsa mphamvu, kuchepetsa kuthekera kwa zolakwika zolimba kwambiri. Zida zapaderazi zimapereka kuwerengera kolondola kwa torque kofunikira kuti musunge magwiridwe antchito bwino ndikuchepetsa zoopsa zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi machitidwe omangitsa molakwika.

  1. Sankhani wrench yoyenera kutengera zomwe mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito komanso ma torque omwe mukufuna.
  2. Sanjani wrench ya torque molingana ndi malangizo a wopanga musanagwiritse ntchito kuti muwonetsetse kuwerenga kolondola.
  3. Pang'onopang'ono limbitsani mabawuti pamasitepe owonjezera pogwiritsa ntchito wrench ya torque, kutsimikizira kulumikizana ndi mfundo zovomerezeka pagawo lililonse.
  4. Mwa kuphatikiza ma wrenches a torque pakuyika kwanu, mumakulitsa kulondola komanso kudalirika kwinaku mukutchinjiriza kuti zisawonongeke zomwe zingawonongeke pakuwombedwa mopitilira muyeso.

Kulimbana ndi Stuck Bolts

KugwiritsaMafuta Olowa

M'malo omwe ma bolt amawonetsa kukana pakuchotsedwa chifukwa cha dzimbiri kapena makonda, kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta olowera kumathandizira kuphatikizika popanda kuwononga zina. Mafuta odzolawa amagwira ntchito polowetsa mipata yothina pakati pa ulusi, kumasula tinthu ting'onoting'ono, ndikuchepetsanso ntchito yotulutsa bawuti bwino.

  • Ikani mafuta ambiri olowera mozungulira ma bawuti omatira, zomwe zimapatsa nthawi yokwanira kulowa musanayese kuchotsa.
  • Dinani pang'onopang'ono pamaboti amakani ndi nyundo kapena mallet mukapaka mafuta kuti muthe kuthyola zomangira za dzimbiri kuti muchotse mosavuta.
  • Bwerezaninso kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ngati kuli kofunikira mukuchita kuleza mtima panthawi yothira ma bawuti ogwidwa.

Zida Zowonongeka za Bolt

Mukayang'anizana ndi mabawuti osweka kapena owonongeka omwe amafunikira chisamaliro chanthawi yomweyo, kugwiritsa ntchito zida zosweka za bawuti kumapereka njira zothetsera kubwezeretsa magwiridwe antchito bwino. Zida zapaderazi zimakhala ndi zida zomwe zimapangidwira kuchotsa zomangira zosweka bwino popanda kuwononga zina zozungulira.

  1. Sankhani chida choyenera chosweka bolt chogwirizana ndi kukula kwanu kwa bawuti ndi mtundu kuti mupeze zotsatira zabwino.
  2. Tsatirani malangizo a pang'onopang'ono omwe aperekedwa mu bukhuli mosamala mukamagwiritsa ntchito zida zoboola kapena kubowola.
  3. Chenjerani pakuchotsa mabawuti pogwiritsa ntchito zida zokonzera kuti mupewe kukulitsa zowonongeka zomwe zilipo kale kapena kuyambitsa zovuta zatsopano.
  4. Pogwiritsa ntchito zida zosweka za bawuti mwanzeru, mutha kuthana ndi zovuta zokhudzana ndi zomangira zowonongeka ndikusunga umphumphu.

Mwa kumvera malangizo ofunikirawa popewa zolakwika zomwe wamba monga kugwiritsa ntchito mopitilira muyeso, kupewa kumangirira mopitilira muyeso poyendetsa bwino ma torque, ndikuthana ndi zovuta zokhudzana ndi mabawuti omata bwino pogwiritsa ntchito mafuta olowera ndi zida zokonzera; owerenga amatha kukulitsa luso lawo pakufunsiraanti-seiize mankhwala mosamalitsa pa utsi wochuluka mabawutindikuwonetsetsa kuti magwiridwe antchito ali bwino.

Mu ufumu waanti-seiize mankhwala, kulondola n’kofunika kwambiri. Kuwonetsetsa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito moyenera kumatha kupewa kulephera kowopsa, monga momwe zimawonera pagalimoto yoyendetsa ndege ya Helicopter. Kufunika kogwiritsa ntchitoanti-kulanda on Kutulutsa Maboliti Ambirisizinganenedwe mopambanitsa. Potsatira mosamalitsa njira zomwe zafotokozedwa, monga kuyeretsa ulusi ndi kusankha zida zoyenera, ogwiritsa ntchito amateteza makina awo kuti asagwidwe ndi dzimbiri. Landirani malangizowa kuti mupeze zotsatira zabwino kwambiri komanso kudalirika kwanthawi yayitali.

 


Nthawi yotumiza: Jun-17-2024