Gusobanukirwa Uruhare rwa Manifolds ya moteri muri moteri yimodoka

Imyuka ya Exhaust Muri moteri yimodoka ningirakamaro mumikorere yikinyabiziga, ikora nkikusanyirizo ikusanya imyuka iva mumashanyarazi ya moteri ikayerekeza kuriUmuyoboro wa Manifold. Iyi nzira ituma moteri ikora neza kandi neza. Yubatswe mubikoresho biramba nkaShira Ibyuma Byuzuye Manifold, irwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi nigitutu. MuriIkwirakwizwa ryinshisisitemu, igishushanyo mbonera cyinshi kirahinduka cyane, kuko gifasha kugumya moteri nziza kandi ikarinda kumeneka. Gusobanukirwa imikorere yacyo birashobora gufasha abafite imodoka kwishimira akamaro kayo.

Ibyingenzi

• Uwitekaumunaniro mwinshi ni ngombwayo gukusanya no kuyobora imyuka isohoka, kwemeza imikorere ya moteri nziza no gukora neza.
• Kugenzura buri gihe no gusukura ibintu byinshi birashobora gukumira gusana bihenze kandi bigakomeza imikorere ya moteri neza.
• Ibimenyetso bisanzwe byerekana ibicuruzwa byinshi birimo urusaku rwinshi, kugabanuka kwa peteroli, hamwe no gusohoka kwinshi; gukemura hakiri kare birashobora kugukiza ibibazo binini.
• Guhitamo ibikoresho bikwiye kubintu byinshi - nk'icyuma cyangwa ibyuma bidafite ingese - biterwa n'ikinyabiziga cyawe gikeneye n'intego zawe.
• Gusobanukirwa itandukaniro riri hagati yimyuka myinshi hamwe numutwe birashobora kugufasha gufata ibyemezo bijyanye no kuzamura imikorere yimodoka yawe.
• Gusana cyangwa gusimbuza ibintu byinshi byuzuye bishobora kuba bihenze; ibintu nkubwoko bwimodoka nigiciro cyakazi bigira ingaruka zikomeye kubiciro rusange.
• Gukoresha lisansi nziza no kwirinda ingendo ngufi birashobora kongera ubuzima bwumunaniro wawe mukugabanya imyuka ya karubone hamwe nubushuhe bwamazi.

Manifold ya Exhaust ni iki?

Ibisobanuro n'imikorere y'ibanze

An Umunaniro ukabijeni ikintu cyingenzi muri moteri yimodoka. Ikora nkikusanyirizo, ikusanya imyuka iva muri silinderi ya moteri. Iyo myuka noneho yerekeza muri sisitemu yo gusohora, aho birukanwa mumodoka neza. Mubisanzwe bikozwe mubikoresho biramba nkibyuma cyangwa ibyuma bidafite ingese, ibintu byinshi bihanganira ubushyuhe bukabije nimpinduka zumuvuduko. Uku kuramba kwemeza ko kumara igihe kinini kuruta ibindi bice byimodoka. Mugabanye gutakaza ubushyuhe, manifold ifasha kugumya moteri ikonje, kurinda ibice byoroshye kwangirika kwubushyuhe.

Akamaro muri sisitemu ya moteri

UwitekaUmuyoboro mwinshi muri moteri yimodokaigira uruhare runini mugukomeza imikorere ya moteri. Iremeza ko imyuka isohoka itemba neza kuva mucyumba cyaka kugeza mu muyoboro. Uku kugenda neza kugabanya umuvuduko winyuma, bishobora kubangamira imikorere ya moteri. Muguhuza imyuka neza, manifold ifasha kugumana umuvuduko mwiza wa moteri. Iyi nzira ntabwo yongerera imikorere gusa ahubwo inarinda imyuka isohoka, ishobora gukurura moteri. Mu binyabiziga bikora cyane, igishushanyo mbonera kiragenda kirushaho kuba ingirakamaro, kuko bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ikinyabiziga gikora neza ndetse n’ibisohoka.

Imikorere ya Manifold ya Exhaust muri moteri yimodoka

Gukusanya imyuka ihumanya

Umwuka mwinshi muri moteri yimodoka ikora nkumukorikori kabuhariwe. Ikusanya imyuka isohoka muri buri silinderi nyuma yo gutwikwa. Tekereza buri silinderi nkumucuranzi ukina uruhare rwayo muri simfoni. Multifold ituma aya majwi yose ahurira hamwe. Mugukusanya imyuka neza, irinda gusubira inyuma muri moteri. Iyi nzira ituma moteri ikora neza kandi neza. Igishushanyo cya manifold ituma ishobora guhangana nubushyuhe bwinshi nigitutu, bikaramba kandi byizewe.

Kuyobora imyuka kuri sisitemu yo kuzimya

Iyo umuyaga umaze kugaragara muri moteri yimodoka ikusanya imyuka, nikubayobora kuri sisitemu yo gusohora. Tekereza nk'umuyobozi ushinzwe umutekano uyobora imodoka kumuhanda. Imiyoboro inyuranye imyuka iba umuyoboro umwe, ikabayobora kuri catalitike ihindura. Iki cyerekezo cyemeza ko imyuka yangiza ivurwa mbere yo gusohoka mu modoka. Kubikora, manifold ifasha kugabanya umwanda kandi ikomeza kugira isuku. Imikorere ikora neza yemeza ko imyuka itemba neza, igakomeza imikorere ya moteri nziza kandi neza.

Ibimenyetso biranga umunaniro ukabije

Kubona umunaniro ukabije hakiri kare birashobora kugukiza umutwe munini mumuhanda. Reka twibire mubintu bimwe bisanzweibimenyetso bishobora kwerekana ibibazo.

Ibimenyetso Rusange Byimikorere

1. Urusaku rwinshi rwa moteri: Niba imodoka yawe itunguranye isa ninyamaswa itontoma, birashobora guterwa numuriro mwinshi. Kumeneka bituma imyuka isohoka mbere yuko igera kuri muffler, bigatera urusaku rwinshi.

2. Kugabanuka kwa peteroli: Kubona ingendo nyinshi zijya kuri lisansi? Imikorere idahwitse irashobora guhungabanya moteri ivanze na peteroli ivanze, biganisha ku bukungu bwa peteroli.

3. Umwuka ugaragara: Reba soot yumukara cyangwa ibimenyetso bikikije ahantu henshi. Ibi ni ibimenyetso byerekana ibimenyetso bitemba.Nyir'imodoka imwe yasangije ubunararibonye bwabo bwo kuvumbura ibimenyetso byirabura byirabura kuri byinshi, bigatuma habaho kumeneka.

4. Impumuro yaka: Impumuro yaka, cyane cyane iyo moteri ikora, irashobora kwerekana ko manifold isohora imyuka ishyushye mubindi bikoresho bya moteri.

5. Reba Itara rya moteri: Uru rumuri rushobora kumurika kubwimpamvu zitandukanye, ariko ibintu byinshi bidakora neza ni kimwe mubishoboka. Buri gihe ujye ukora iperereza niba urumuri ruza.

Ingaruka ku mikorere ya moteri

Imyuka idahwitse ntishobora gutera urusaku gusa; irashobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye kumikorere yimodoka yawe. Iyo ibintu byinshi bimenetse, birashobora gutera kugabanuka kwingufu za moteri. Moteri irashobora guharanira kwihuta cyangwa gukomeza umuvuduko. Ibi bibaho kubera ko imyuka isohoka itayoborwa neza kure ya moteri, bigatuma umuvuduko winyuma wiyongera.

Byongeye kandi, ibintu byinshi byangiritse birashobora gutuma ubushyuhe bukabije bwa moteri. Imyuka ishyushye iva mu cyuho irashobora gushyushya ibice biri hafi, bishobora guteza ibindi byangiritse. Mubihe bikomeye, ibi birashobora no gutuma moteri idakora.

Itandukaniro Hagati ya Exifust Manifolds na Imitwe

Igishushanyo nuburyo butandukanye

Iyo bigeze kuri moteri yimodoka, byombiumunaniro mwinshi hamwe numutweGira uruhare rukomeye. Ariko, baratandukanye cyane mubishushanyo mbonera.Umunaniro mwinshimubisanzwe mubinyabiziga byinshi bitanga umusaruro. Bikorewe mubyuma cyangwa ibyuma bidafite ingese, bigatuma biramba kandi bigashobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwinshi. Igikorwa cyabo cyibanze ni ugukusanya imyuka iva muri silinderi ya moteri no kuyiyobora mu muyoboro umwe.

Ku rundi ruhande,Imitwenibisanzwe mumodoka ikora cyane. Byakozwe mubyuma byoroheje cyangwa ibyuma bidafite ingese kandi bigenewe kwihutisha umuvuduko wa gaze ziva. Bitandukanye na manifolds, imitwe ifite imiyoboro ya buri silinderi, ihuza umuyoboro umwe. Igishushanyo kigabanya umuvuduko winyuma, bituma moteri ihumeka neza kandi ikongera imikorere. Mubusanzwe, mugihe ibintu byinshi byibanda kuramba no gukoresha neza, imitwe ishyira imbere imikorere nubushobozi.

Ibyiza n'ibibi bya buri

Byombi byimyuka myinshi hamwe numutwe biza hamwe nibyiza byabo nibibi. Reka tubasenye:

Umunaniro ukabije:

• Ibyiza:

  • Kuramba:Byakozwe mubikoresho bikomeye nkibyuma, birashobora kwihanganira ibihe bikabije.
  • Ikiguzi-Cyiza:Mubisanzwe bihendutse kubyara no gushiraho, bigatuma bahitamo gukundwa kubinyabiziga bisanzwe.
  • Igishushanyo mbonera:Igishushanyo cyabo cyoroshye gihuye byoroshye na moteri nyinshi.

• Ibibi:

  • Imipaka ntarengwa:Barema umuvuduko winyuma, ushobora kugabanya imikorere ya moteri.
  • Ibiro:Biremereye kuruta imitwe, idashobora kuba nziza kubinyabiziga byibanda kumikorere.

Imitwe:

• Ibyiza:

  • Kunoza imikorere:Mugabanye umuvuduko winyuma, wemerera gutembera neza no gukora neza moteri.
  • Umucyo:Mubisanzwe byoroheje kuruta byinshi, bigira uruhare mubikorwa rusange byimodoka.

• Ibibi:

  • Igiciro:Birahenze cyane kubera igishushanyo mbonera n'ibikoresho byabo.
  • Kwishyiriraho ibintu:Birashobora kuba ingorabahizi gushiraho, akenshi bisaba guhindura moteri ya moteri.

Ibikoresho Byakoreshejwe muri Manifolds

Ibikoresho Rusange Nibintu Byabyo

Imyuka myinshi yihanganira ibihe bikabije, bityo abayikora bahitamo ibikoresho bishobora gutwara ubushyuhe bwinshi na gaze yangirika. Reka dusuzume ibikoresho bisanzwe bikoreshwa:

• Shira Icyuma: Ibi bikoresho byabaye ingenzi mubikorwa byo kunaniza imyaka myinshi. Ihanganira ibihe bibi, itanga imbaraga nyinshi zo kurwanya ubushyuhe no kwangirika. Kuramba ibyuma biramba bituma uhitamo kwizerwa kubinyabiziga byinshi.

• Ibyuma: Azwiho kuramba no koroshya kubungabunga, ibyuma bidafite ingese bitanga ikirere cyiza cyane. Ifasha imyuka ihumeka neza, ningirakamaro kugirango moteri ikore neza. Ibyuma bitagira umwanda nabyo birwanya ingese no kwangirika, bigatuma ihitamo gukundwa kubinyabiziga bigezweho.

• Amashanyarazi: Akenshi bikoreshwa mubikorwa, ibyuma bya tubular bitanga uburinganire hagati yimbaraga nuburemere. Irashobora guhangana nubushyuhe bwinshi nubushyuhe, bigatuma ibera sisitemu yo gukora cyane.

• Amavuta ya Titanium: Ibi ntibisanzwe ariko bitanga imbaraga zisumba-ibipimo. Amavuta ya Titanium arashobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bukabije kandi akenshi akoreshwa mubikorwa byo hejuru cyangwa gusiganwa.

• Nickel Alloys: Ibi bikoresho bitanga imbaraga nziza zo kurwanya ubushyuhe no kwangirika. Mubisanzwe bikoreshwa mubikorwa byihariye aho kuramba ari byo byingenzi.

Ibyiza n'ibibi bya buri kintu

Buri bikoresho bizana ibyaribyo byiza n'ibibi. Dore gusenyuka:

• Shira Icyuma:

  • Ibyiza: Biraramba cyane kandi birwanya ubushyuhe no kwangirika. Birahendutse kandi birahari henshi.
  • Ibibi: Biremereye kuruta ibindi bikoresho, bidashobora kuba byiza kubinyabiziga byibanda kumikorere.

• Ibyuma:

  • Ibyiza: Itanga umwuka mwiza, irwanya ingese, kandi byoroshye kubungabunga. Nibyoroshye kuruta icyuma.
  • Ibibi: Birahenze kuruta icyuma kandi birashobora gukundwa no guhangayika bikabije.

• Amashanyarazi:

  • Ibyiza: Byoroheje kandi bikomeye, bituma biba byiza kubikorwa byimikorere.
  • Ibibi: Birashobora kuba bihenze kandi birashobora gusaba kubungabungwa kugirango wirinde ingese.

• Amavuta ya Titanium:

  • Ibyiza: Birakomeye cyane kandi biremereye, byuzuye kubikorwa bikenewe cyane.
  • Ibibi: Birahenze cyane kandi ntibisanzwe bikoreshwa mumodoka isanzwe.

• Nickel Alloys:

  • Ibyiza: Ubushyuhe buhebuje no kurwanya ruswa, byemeza imikorere irambye.
  • Ibibi: Igiciro kinini kandi kuboneka kuboneka bituma bitamenyekana kubinyabiziga bya buri munsi.

Guhitamo ibikoresho bikwiye kuri moteri nyinshi biterwa nibinyabiziga bikenewe hamwe na nyirubwite ibyo ashyira imbere. Byaba biramba, imikorere, cyangwa ikiguzi-cyiza, buri kintu gitanga inyungu zidasanzwe.

Amafaranga yo gusana cyangwa gusimburwa

Gusana cyangwa gusimbuza ibicuruzwa byinshi birashobora kuba amafaranga akomeye kubafite imodoka. Gusobanukirwa nibintu bigira ingaruka kuri ibyo biciro no kugira igereranyo hafi birashobora gufasha mugutegura no gutegura bije.

Ibintu bigira ingaruka kubiciro

Ibintu byinshi birashobora guhindura ikiguzi cyo gusana cyangwa gusimbuza ibicuruzwa byinshi:

• Ubwoko bw'Ibinyabiziga: Imodoka zifite moteri nini, cyane cyane imodoka za siporo zikora cyane, akenshi zifite ibintu byinshi bihenze cyane. Izi modoka zisaba ibice byihariye nakazi, bishobora gutwara ibiciro.

• Ibikoresho bya Manifold: Ibikoresho bikoreshwa muri manifold bigira ingaruka kubiciro. Kurugero, manifolds ikozwe muri titanium cyangwa nikel ya nikel ikunda kuba ihenze kuruta iyakozwe mubyuma cyangwa ibyuma bidafite ingese.

• Amafaranga yumurimo: Amafaranga yumurimo aratandukanye bitewe nuburemere bwakazi hamwe nibiciro bya serivise. Imodoka zimwe zifite ibintu byinshi bigoye kubigeraho, byongera igihe nigiciro cyakazi.

• Aho biherereye: Imiterere ya geografiya irashobora kandi guhindura ibiciro. Ibiciro birashobora gutandukana hagati yimijyi nicyaro kubera itandukaniro ryibiciro byakazi no kuboneka ibice.

Impuzandengo y'ibiciro

Igiciro cyo gusimbuza ibicuruzwa byinshi birashobora gutandukana cyane. Ugereranije, abafite imodoka bashobora kwitega kwishyura hagati

$1,167and$1.265kubice n'imirimo. Nyamara, ibintu byinshi bishobora kuba bihenze nka

$3,000\ast ,pushingtotalcoststo\ast$3,400cyangwa byinshi.

Kubahisemo gusimbuza umwuga, igiciro mubisanzwe kiva kuri

$500to$1.500. Uru rutonde rugizwe n'ibice n'umurimo bigira uruhare mubikorwa. Nibyiza nibyiza kubona amagambo menshi kubatanga serivisi zitandukanye kugirango tumenye igiciro cyiza.

Inama zo Kubungabunga Manifolds

Kugumana umunaniro wawe mwinshi muburyo bwo hejuru bituma imodoka yawe ikora neza kandi neza. Kubungabunga buri gihe birashobora gukumira gusana bihenze kumurongo. Hano hari inama zifatika zagufasha kubungabunga umunaniro wawe.

Kugenzura buri gihe no Gukora Isuku

Igenzura risanzwe rifite uruhare runini mukubungabunga ubuzima bwimyuka myinshi. Abafite imodoka bagomba kugenzura ibice bigaragara cyangwa bitemba. Reba umwirabura wumukara uzengurutse ahantu henshi, ushobora kwerekana imyenge. Gutegera amajwi adasanzwe, nko gutontoma cyangwa gukubita, birashobora kandi gufasha kumenya ibibazo bishobora kuvuka.

Isuku yimyuka myinshi ifasha kugumana imikorere yayo. Koresha umuyoboro winsinga kugirango ukureho ingese. Menya neza ko moteri ikonje mbere yo gutangira isuku. Isuku isukuye ituma imyuka itemba neza, kugabanya umuvuduko winyuma no kongera imikorere.

Ingamba zo kwirinda zo kwirinda ibyangiritse

Ingamba zo gukumira zirashobora kwagura ubuzima bwumunaniro wawe. Dore zimwe mu ntambwe ugomba gusuzuma:

• Koresha lisansi nziza: Ibicanwa byujuje ubuziranenge bigabanya iyubakwa rya karubone, ishobora gufunga inshuro nyinshi mugihe.

• Irinde ingendo ngufi: Ingendo ngufi zibuza moteri kugera ku bushyuhe bwiza, biganisha ku kwiyongera k'ubushuhe no kubora. Imashini ndende ifasha gutwika ubuhehere burenze.

• Gukurikirana Ubushyuhe bwa moteri: Ubushyuhe burashobora gutera ibyangiritse byinshi. Kurikirana igipimo cy'ubushyuhe kandi ukemure ibibazo byose bishyushye vuba.

• Simbuza Gasketi: Ibipapuro bishaje birashobora gutera kumeneka. Buri gihe ugenzure kandi ubisimbuze nkuko bikenewe kugirango ushireho kashe.

Mugukurikiza izi nama zo kubungabunga, abafite imodoka barashobora kugumisha ibintu byinshi mumashanyarazi neza, bakareba moteri nziza kandi ikaramba.

Muri make, Exifust Manifold Muri Moteri yimodoka igira uruhare runini mugukora moteri nziza kandi neza. Ikusanya kandi ikayobora imyuka isohoka, ikongerera ingufu imikorere yimodoka. Kubungabunga buri gihe no gukemura ibibazo mugihe ningirakamaro mugukomeza ibintu byinshi mumiterere yo hejuru. Abafite imodoka bagomba gushyira imbere ubugenzuzi buri gihe no gukora isuku kugirango birinde gusanwa bihenze. Niba manifold yerekana ibyangiritse cyane cyangwa gufunga, kuyisimbuza birashobora kuba byiza. Mugusobanukirwa no kwita kubintu byingenzi, abafite imodoka barashobora kwemeza ko ibinyabiziga byabo bigenda neza kandi neza mumyaka.

Ibibazo

Nibihe bimenyetso biranga umunaniro ukabije?

Imyuka idahwitse irashobora gutera ibimenyetso byinshi bigaragara. Urashobora kumva urusaku rwinshi rwa moteri idasanzwe, ikunze kumvikana nko gutontoma cyangwa gutontoma. Imodoka irashobora gutakaza imbaraga no kwihuta, bigatuma yunvikana. Gukoresha lisansi ikabije nikindi kimenyetso, nkuko moteri irwanira gukomeza gukora neza. Impumuro yaka nayo ishobora kuba ihari, cyane cyane iyo moteri ikora. Rimwe na rimwe, imyuka myinshi irashobora gutukura kubera ubushyuhe bwinshi, kandi imyanda igaragara irashobora kubaho.

Nigute ibintu byinshi bigira ingaruka kumikorere ya moteri?

Uwitekaumunaniro mwinshiigira uruhare runini mu mikorere ya moteri. Ikusanya imyuka iva muri silinderi ya moteri ikayiyobora muri sisitemu yo kuzimya. Iyi nzira igabanya umuvuduko winyuma, ituma moteri ikora neza. Imikorere ikora neza itanga ingufu za moteri nziza, kongera imikorere no gukumira imyuka ishobora kwangiza moteri.

Imyuka yangiritse irashobora kwangirika kuri moteri?

Nibyo, ibyangiritse byangiritse birashobora gukurura moteri. Niba ibintu byinshi bimenetse, birashobora gutera kugabanuka kwingufu za moteri no gushyuha. Imyuka ishyushye iva mu cyuho irashobora gushyushya ibice biri hafi, bigatera kwangirika. Mugihe gikomeye, ibi birashobora kuviramo moteri kunanirwa niba bidakemuwe vuba.

Nibihe bikoresho bikunze gukoreshwa mumashanyarazi menshi?

Imyuka myinshi isanzwe ikorwa mubikoresho bishobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwinshi na gaze yangirika. Ibikoresho bisanzwe birimo ibyuma, ibyuma bidafite ingese, ibyuma bya tubular, titanium, hamwe na nikel. Buri bikoresho bitanga inyungu zidasanzwe, nko kuramba, kurwanya ubushyuhe no kwangirika, hamwe no gutekereza kubiro.

Ni kangahe hagomba kugenzurwa ibicuruzwa byinshi?

Kugenzura buri gihe ibintu byinshi ni ngombwa kugirango ubungabunge ubuzima. Ba nyir'imodoka bagomba kugenzura ibice bigaragara cyangwa bitemba hanyuma bakumva urusaku rudasanzwe, nko gutontoma cyangwa gukanda. Nibyiza ko ugenzura ibintu byinshi mugihe cyo gufata neza ibinyabiziga, nkimpinduka zamavuta cyangwa guhuza, kugirango ufate ibibazo byose hakiri kare.

Nibyiza gusana cyangwa gusimbuza ibicuruzwa bitagira ingano?

Icyemezo cyogusana cyangwa gusimbuzaimyuka idahwitse iterwa nurugero rwibyangiritse. Uduce duto cyangwa kumeneka birashobora gusanwa, ariko kwangirika gukabije cyangwa gufunga akenshi bisaba gusimburwa. Gusimbuza ibintu byinshi byerekana imikorere myiza kandi bikarinda kwangirika kwa moteri.

Ni ibihe bintu bigira ingaruka kubiciro byo gusana ibintu byinshi cyangwa kubisimbuza?

Ibintu byinshi birashobora guhindura ikiguzi cyo gusana cyangwa gusimbuza ibintu byinshi. Harimo ubwoko bwimodoka, ibikoresho bya manifold, ibiciro byakazi, hamwe na geografiya. Imodoka ifite moteri nini cyangwa ibinyabiziga bikora cyane akenshi bifite ibicuruzwa byinshi bihenze, kandi amafaranga yumurimo arashobora gutandukana ukurikije akazi katoroshye hamwe nibiciro byaho.

Nigute abafite imodoka bashobora kugumana ibicuruzwa byabo byinshi?

Ba nyir'imodoka barashobora kugumisha ibicuruzwa byabo mukugenzura buri gihe no gukora isuku. Gukoresha lisansi nziza bigabanya kwiyubaka kwa karubone, kandi kwirinda ingendo ngufi bifasha kwirinda kwirundanya. Kugenzura ubushyuhe bwa moteri no gusimbuza gasketi zashaje nabyo bigira uruhare mu kuramba kwa manifold.

Imitwe ni amahitamo meza kuruta umunaniro mwinshi wo gukora?

Imitwe irashobora gutanga imikorere myiza kuruta umunaniro mwinshi mubihe bimwe. Bagabanya umuvuduko winyuma, bigatuma uburyo bwiza bwo gutembera neza hamwe na moteri ikora neza. Nyamara, imitwe isanzwe ihenze kandi igoye gushiraho. Ku binyabiziga bisanzwe, ibicuruzwa byinshi bitanga igisubizo cyiza kandi kirambye.

Nakora iki niba nkeka ko umunaniro wanjye wuzuye ari amakosa?

Niba ukeka ko umunaniro wawe mwinshi ari amakosa, ni ngombwa gukemura ikibazo vuba. Shakisha ibimenyetso nkurusaku rwinshi rwa moteri, kugabanuka kwamavuta, cyangwa impumuro yaka. Baza umukanishi wabigize umwuga kugirango amenye ikibazo kandi umenye inzira nziza y'ibikorwa, yaba gusana cyangwa gusimburwa.