Xa kuziwa ekusebenzeni kwesithuthi sakho, ukhetha phakathi kweiflywheel flexplatekunye nei-injini flexplateibalulekile. Ezi zixhobo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwindlela esebenza ngayo injini yakho. I-flywheel, ehlala ifumaneka kwi-transmission manual, inika uzinzo kunye nokugudiswa kwe-drivetrain. Ibalulekile kwiimodeli zeNjini ye-BBC efana ne-1958-1972 ye-BBC Engine Flywheel kunye ne-1965-1969 ye-BBC Engine Flywheel. Kwelinye icala, itransmission oluzenzekelayo flywheel, ngokuqhelekileyo ebizwa ngokuba yi-flexplate, ilula kwaye iyasebenza. Ukuwuqonda umahluko kunokukunceda wenze ukhetho olufanelekileyo lwesithuthi sakho, nokuba yi-Ford Big Block Engines okanye iFord Small Block Engines. I-crank flange kunye ne-crank flange bolt zibalulekile kula malungu, ukuqinisekisa ukuba yonke into ihlala endaweni. Kwabo banomdla kugqatso lomdyarho, ulwazi olusuka kwi-Drag Racing Magazine lungaxabiseka. Nokuba ujongana ne-1986-1993 SBC Engine Flywheel okanye i-Circle Track Engine Flywheel, ukwazi iinketho zakho kubalulekile. I-Meziere inikeza uluhlu lweemveliso ezijongene neemfuno ezahlukeneyo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba une-flywheel flexplate efanelekileyo okanye i-injini ye-injini yeemfuno zakho ezithile.
Ukuqonda iiFlywheels
Umsebenzi kunye neNjongo
IiFlywheels zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekusebenzeni kwesithuthi sakho, ngakumbi ukuba uqhuba uthumelo lwezandla. Bagcina amandla, anceda ukugcina amandla enjini. Olu gcino lwamandla lubalulekile xa utshintsha iigiya, ukunika amandla ayimfuneko ukugcina izinto zihamba kakuhle.
Ukugcinwa kwamandla
I-flywheel isebenza njengebhetri yamandla e-kinetic. Igcina amandla xa injini ivelisa ngaphezu koko ifunekayo ize iwakhulule xa injini ifuna ukonyuswa. Le nkqubo iqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kunye nokugudileyo, ukunciphisa amathuba okuzinza.
Indima kuThumelo lweManuwali
Kwi-manual transmissions, i-flywheel idibanisa kwi-clutch, ikunceda ukuba utshintshe iigiya ngaphandle komthungo. Inika uzinzo kunye nokulinganisela, okwenza ukuqhuba kube lula ngakumbi, ngakumbi kwi-traffic stop-and-go.
Iintlobo zeeFlywheels
IiFlywheels ziza kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo, nganye ineenzuzo ezizodwa. Ukukhetha okulungileyo kuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zesithuthi sakho kunye nendlela yakho yokuqhuba.
Single Mass Flywheels
I-Single Mass Flywheels ziyaziwa ngokuhlala kwazo kunye nokusebenza kweendleko. Unokubabuyisela kwakhona ukuze bandise ubomi babo. Nangona kunjalo, zinokubangela ukungcangcazela ngakumbi kunye nengxolo, enokuba yinkxalabo kwabanye abaqhubi.
Dual Mass Flywheels
I-Dual mass flywheels inika uhambo olulula ngokudambisa iivibrations. Zikulungele abo babeka phambili intuthuzelo ngaphezu kokusebenza. Nangona kunjalo, zithande ukuba zibiza kakhulu kwaye zintsonkothe ukubuyisela.
Izinto eziluncedo nezingeloncedo
Ukuqonda okulungileyo nokubi kwee-flywheels kukunceda wenze isigqibo esinolwazi.
IiNzuzo zokuSebenza
IiFlywheels ziphucula ukusebenza ngokubonelela ngonikezelo lwamandla olungaguqukiyo. IiFlywheels ezinobunzima obuqhelekileyo zigcina amandla amaninzi, zizenza zilungele izithuthi ezinzima. Banceda ukugcina i-RPM ye-injini ngexesha lokunciphisa, inikezela ukuhamba kakuhle.
Iingxaki ezinokuthi zibekho
Ngelixa ii-flywheels zibonelela ngeenzuzo ezininzi, nazo zinemiqobo. Amavili eempukane anzima anokucothisa ukusabela kwe-throttle, enokuthi ingahambelani neemfuno zokusebenza okuphezulu. IiFlywheels eziKhala ziphucula ukukhawulezisa kodwa zinokungagcini amandla amaninzi, zichaphazela ukuqhuba kwiimeko zemihla ngemihla.
Flywheel Weight Matters
Impembelelo kwiNdlela yokuSebenza kweSithuthi
Xa kuziwa ekusebenzeni kwesithuthi sakho, ubunzima be-flywheel budlala indima ebalulekileyo. I-flywheel isebenza njengesizinzisi kwi-injini yakho, kwaye ubunzima bayo bunokuba nefuthe elikhulu kwindlela esiziphatha ngayo isithuthi sakho endleleni. Amavili e-flywheel anzima, ahlala efumaneka kwiibhloko ezinkulu, agcina amandla amaninzi. Oku kubenza balungele izithuthi ezilungiselelwe isitokhwe kunye nezinzima, ezifana nezo zineeNjini zeBlock. Banceda ukugcina injini ye-RPM ngexesha lokunciphisa, ukubonelela ukuhamba kakuhle. Nangona kunjalo, banokucothisa impendulo ye-throttle, enokuthi ingahambelani neemfuno zokusebenza okuphezulu.
Kwelinye icala, ii-flywheels ezikhaphukhaphu zifanelekile kwabo bafuna ukukhawuleziswa ngokukhawuleza. Banyusa isantya se-injini kunye nokwehla, bebenza babeyintandokazi phakathi kwabathandi boMdyarho weSangqa soMdyarho. Ukuba ukugqatso okanye imoto esebenza kakhulu, i-flywheel ekhaphukhaphu inokuba lolona bhejo lwakho lungcono. Kodwa khumbula, banokungagcini amandla amaninzi, okuchaphazela ukuqhuba kwiimeko zemihla ngemihla.
Iingqwalasela kwiiNjini zeBhlokhi ezincinci ezakhiweyo
Kwabo baneeNjini zeBhlokhi ezincinci, ukukhetha i-flywheel efanelekileyo kubalulekile. Ii-injini zebhlokhi ezincinci, njenge-1955-1985 SBC, zifuna ukuqwalaselwa ngononophelo kwe-bolt crank flange kunye neepateni ze-bolt crank. La macandelo aqinisekisa ukuba yonke into ihlala kwindawo, ngakumbi ngexesha lemisebenzi ephezulu efana neCircle Track Racing. Ipateni yebholithi ye-crank flange ibalulekile ukuze ihambelane nokuseta injini yakho.
Ukuba usebenza kwiProjekthi yeeNjini eziNcinane ezakhiweyo, ukuqonda iinuances zobunzima be-flywheel kunokwenza wonke umahluko. Nokuba ujongene ne-1970-1980 SBC Engine okanye i-1955-1985 SBC Circle Track Track, i-flywheel echanekileyo inokuphucula ukusebenza kwesithuthi sakho. Qwalasela uhlobo lokuqhuba olwenza rhoqo. Ukuqhuba yonke imihla, i-flywheel enobunzima obuqhelekileyo inokufaneleka ngakumbi. Kodwa ukuba ubetha umkhondo, ukhetho olukhaphukhaphu lunokukunika umphetho owufunayo.
Ukuphonononga iiFlexplates
Xa ungena kwihlabathi lothumelo oluzenzekelayo, iFlexplate iba ngumdlali ophambili. Ngokungafaniyo ne-Flywheel kwi-manual transmissions, i-Flexplate idibanisa ngokuthe ngqo kwi-torque converter. Olu qhagamshelo lubalulekile ekugqithiseni amandla ukusuka enjini ukuya kuthumelo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba isithuthi sakho sihamba kakuhle.
Umsebenzi kunye neNjongo
Uqhagamshelo kwiTorque Converter
I-Flexplate isebenza njengebhulorho phakathi kwe-injini kunye ne-torque converter. Ibholiti kwi-crankshaft kwaye ibonelela ngomphezulu onyukayo we-torque converter. Olu cwangciso luvumela amandla e-injini ukuba adluliselwe ngokufanelekileyo kuthumelo. Ipateni yebholithi yebholithi kwiFlexplate kufuneka ihambelane neenkcukacha zenjini ukuqinisekisa ukuba iyalingana ngokukhuselekileyo. Olu qhagamshelwano lubalulekile ekugcineni imfezeko ye-drivetrain.
Indima kuThumelo oluzenzekelayo
Kusasazo oluzenzekelayo, iFlexplate idlala indima ebalulekileyo. Ithatha indawo yeFlywheel efumaneka kuthumelo lwezandla kwaye yenzelwe ukuba ibekhaphukhaphu. Olu yilo lunciphisa ubunzima bokujikeleza, luvumela injini ukuba ijikeleze ngokukhululekileyo. I-Flexplate ikwahlala igiya leringi yamazinyo, esebenzisana ne-starter motor ukukrazula injini. Olu cwangciso luqinisekisa ukuba isithuthi sakho siqala kakuhle ngalo lonke ixesha.
Iintlobo zeFlexplates
Ukukhetha uhlobo oluchanekileyo lweFlexplate kuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zesithuthi sakho kunye neemfuno zokusebenza. Makhe sihlolisise iindlela ezikhoyo.
IiFlexplates eziqhelekileyo
IiFlexplates eziqhelekileyo zenzelwe ukuqhuba yonke imihla. Banikezela ngokulinganisela phakathi kokusebenza kunye nokuqina. Ezi pleyiti ngokuqhelekileyo zenziwe ngentsimbi, zinika amandla kunye nokuthembeka. Indandatho yezinyo kula macwecwe iqinisekisa uxhulumaniso olukhuselekileyo kunye ne-starter motor, ibenza ukuba balungele izithuthi ezininzi.
IiFlexplates eziSebenza ngokuPhezulu
Kwabo bafuna ukusebenza okuphuculweyo, iiFlexplates zoMsebenzi oPhezulu ziyindlela yokuhamba. Ezi pleyiti zihlala zenziwe kwi-Aluminiyam, ukunciphisa ubunzima kunye nokunyusa ukukhawuleza. I-Aluminiyam Flexplates ifanelekile kwizicelo zomdyarho, apho yonke i-ounce ibala. Banikezela ngempendulo ekhawulezayo yenjini kwaye bathandwa ngabathandi abafuna okona kulungileyo kwizithuthi zabo.
Izinto eziluncedo nezingeloncedo
Ukuqonda okulungileyo nokubi kweFlexplates kukunceda wenze isigqibo esinolwazi.
Ukuguquguquka kunye nobunzima
Enye yeenzuzo eziphambili zeFlexplates kukuguquguquka kwazo. Ziyilelwe ukuba ziguquke kancinci, zifunxa ukungcangcazela kunye nokunciphisa uxinzelelo kwi-drivetrain. Oku bhetyebhetye kwandisa amava okuqhuba ngokubanzi. Ukongeza, indalo ekhaphukhaphu yeFlexplates iphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-injini, ivumela ukukhawulezisa okukhawulezileyo.
Ukulinganiselwa
Nangona izibonelelo zabo, iiFlexplates zinemida. Azifanelanga ukuhanjiswa ngesandla ngenxa yoyilo lwazo olukhaphukhaphu. Isixhobo sezinyo kwi-Flexplates sinokunxiba ngokuhamba kwexesha, ngakumbi kwizicelo eziphezulu zokusebenza. Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kunye nokugcinwa kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba ubomi obude. Ukongezelela, itywina eliphambili elingasemva kufuneka lihlolwe ukuvuza, njengoko kunokuchaphazela ukusebenza kweFlexplate.
IAluminiyam Versus Steel Flexplate
Xa ukhetha iFlexplate, ukuqonda umahluko wezinto eziphathekayo kunokwenza impembelelo enkulu ekusebenzeni kwesithuthi sakho. Masingene kwiinkcukacha ze-Aluminiyam ngokuchasene ne-Steel Flexplates kwaye sibone ukuba ziqokelelana njani, ngakumbi kwimeko yomdyarho wokutsalwa.
Umahluko kwizinto eziphathekayo
I-Aluminium Flexplates iyaziwa ngobume bayo obukhaphukhaphu. Olu phawu luvumela injini yakho ukuba ijikeleze ngokukhululekileyo, nto leyo inokukhokelela kwisantya esikhawulezayo. Ukuba ujonge ukucheba ubunzima obuthile ngesantya esingcono, iAluminiyam inokuba lukhetho lwakho lokukhetha. Nangona kunjalo, khumbula ukuba ngelixa i-Aluminium Flexplates ibonelela ngeenzuzo zesantya, ayinakuhlala ixesha elide njengabalingani babo beNsimbi.
Kwi-flip side, ii-Steel Flexplates zibonelela ngamandla kunye nobomi obude. Zinzima, nto leyo ethetha ukuba zinokufunxa ngakumbi ukungcangcazela kunye noxinzelelo. Oku kubenza balungele ukuqhuba yonke imihla apho ukuqina kuyinto ephambili. Ubunzima be-Steel Flexplate bunceda ukugcina amandla, ukunika ukukhwela okugudileyo kunye nokunciphisa ukunxiba kwe-injini ngokuhamba kwexesha.
Nalu uthelekiso olukhawulezayo:
- I-Aluminiyam Flexplate:
Ikhaphukhaphu, yongeza ukukhawuleza
Ilungele izicelo zomdyarho
Inokuphela ngokukhawuleza phantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu
- Intsimbi yeFlexplate:
Inzima ngakumbi, ifunxa iintshukumo ezininzi
Ifanelekile ukuqhuba yonke imihla
Inika ukuqina okukhulu
Isicelo kwi-Drag Racing
Kwihlabathi lomdyarho wokutsalwa, yonke i-ounce ibalulekile. IiRacers zihlala zikhetha iAluminiyam Flexplates kuba zibonelela ngomphetho owongezelelweyo ekukhawuleziseni. Ubunzima obuncitshisiweyo buthetha ukuba injini yakho inokufikelela kwi-RPM ephezulu ngokukhawuleza, ikunika isiqalo sentloko ngaphandle komgca. Nangona kunjalo, igiya yeringi yamazinyo kwiAluminiyam Flexplates inokuphela ngokukhawuleza, ngoko ke ukujongwa rhoqo kubalulekile.
I-Steel Flexplates, kunye nolwakhiwo oluqinileyo, azixhaphakanga kumdyarho wokutsalwa kodwa zisenendawo yazo. Banikezela ngokuthembeka kwaye banokusingatha uxinzelelo olunzulu lokuphindaphinda kwesantya esiphezulu. Igiya yeringi yezinyo kwi-Steel Flexplates ithande ukuhlala ixesha elide, nto leyo ebenza ukuba ibe lukhetho oluthembekileyo kwabo babeka phambili ukuqina kwisantya.
Iiyantlukwano eziphambili phakathi kweeFlywheels kunye neFlexplates
Xa uthatha isigqibo phakathi kwe-flywheel kunye ne-flexplate, ukuqonda umahluko wabo kubalulekile. Masiyicazulule ibe yimiba yolwakhiwo kunye nokusebenza ukukunceda wenze ukhetho olunolwazi.
Iiyantlukwano zeZakhiwo
Ukuqulunqwa kwezinto
IiFlywheels kunye neeflexplates zihluke kakhulu ekubunjweni kwazo eziphathekayo. IiFlywheels zenziwe ngezinto ezinzima njengentsimbi okanye intsimbi. Obu bunzima bubanceda bagcine amandla e-kinetic, ayimfuneko kuthumelo lwezandla. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-flexplates idla ngokuyilwa kwiintsimbi ezilula, ezifana nentsimbi encinci. Olu luyilo olukhaphukhaphu lulungele ukusasaza oluzenzekelayo, luvumela injini ukuba ijikeleze ngokukhululekileyo nangobuchule.
Ukwahluka koyilo
Uyilo lwala macandelo lukwawenza ahluke. I-Flywheels iqinile kwaye iqinile, inika uxhulumaniso oluzinzileyo phakathi kwe-injini kunye nokuhanjiswa kwizithuthi zezandla. Babonisa umphezulu we-clutch osebenza kunye nediski ye-clutch. Ngokwahlukileyo, ii-flexplates zincinci kwaye ziguquguqukayo. Badibanisa i-crankshaft ye-injini kwi-converter ye-torque kwii-transmission ezizenzekelayo. Oku kuguquguquka kunceda ukufunxa ukungcangcazela kunye nokunciphisa uxinzelelo kwi-drivetrain.
Umahluko osebenzayo
Ukuhanjiswa kwamandla
Ukudluliselwa kwamandla yenye indawo apho la macandelo ahlukeneyo. I-Flywheels igcina kwaye ikhuphe amandla ukugcina amandla e-injini, ngakumbi ngexesha lokutshintsha kwegiya kuthumelo lwezandla. Olu gcino lwamandla luqinisekisa amava okuqhuba agudileyo. I-Flexplates, nangona kunjalo, isebenza njenge-conduit yokudlulisa amandla ukusuka kwi-injini ukuya kwi-transmission nge-converter ye-torque. Abawagcini amandla njengee-flywheels kodwa baququzelela ugqithiso lwamandla olusebenzayo ngaphandle koqhagamshelwano oluthe ngqo ngoomatshini.
Usetyenziso kwiZithuthi
Ukusetyenziswa kwee-flywheels kunye ne-flexplates kwizithuthi kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lokudluliselwa. IiFlywheels ziyimfuneko ekuhanjisweni kwezandla, ukubonelela ngokuzinza okuyimfuneko kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla. IiFlexplates, kwelinye icala, zibalulekile kuthumelo oluzenzekelayo. Badibanisa i-injini kwi-converter ye-torque, evumela ukuhanjiswa kwamandla okungenamthungo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwesithuthi.
Uthelekiso lweFlywheel Flexplate
Ukukhetha Ngokusekwe kuHlobo lwesiThuthi
Xa ukhetha phakathi kwe-flywheel kunye ne-flexplate, qwalasela uhlobo lwesithuthi sakho. Ukuba uqhuba isithuthi sothutho ngesandla, i-flywheel licandelo lakho lokuya kuyo. Inika uzinzo kunye nogcino lwamandla olufunekayo kutshintsho lwegiya olugudileyo. Ukuhanjiswa okuzenzekelayo, i-flexplate ibalulekile. Uyilo lwayo olukhaphukhaphu kunye nokuguquguquka luyenza ilungele ukuhanjiswa kwamandla okusebenzayo kunye nokunciphisa ubunzima bokujikeleza.
Ulwazi oluvela kwimagazini yoMdyarho wokuTrala
Izimvo ezisuka kwi-Drag Racing Magazine ziqaqambisa ukubaluleka kokukhetha icandelo elichanekileyo kwizicelo zokusebenza. Kumdyarho wokurhuqa, yonke i-ounce ibala. IiRacers zihlala zikhetha i-aluminium flexplates ngenxa yendalo yazo elula, eyenza ukukhawuleza. Nangona kunjalo, ii-flexplates zetsimbi zinika ukuqina kunye nokuthembeka, okwenza ukuba zifaneleke kwiindawo ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu. Nokuba ubaleka okanye uqhuba yonke imihla, ukuqonda lo mahluko kunokukunceda wenze ukhetho olufanelekileyo lwesithuthi sakho.
Ukwenza Ukhetho Olufanelekileyo
Ukukhetha phakathi kwe-flywheel kunye ne-flexplate kunokuziva kunzima, kodwa ukuqonda iimfuno zesithuthi sakho kwenza kube lula. Masiyicazulule ukuze ikuncede wenze esona sigqibo silungileyo ngemoto yakho.
Uvavanyo lweeMfuno zeSithuthi
Uhlobo loThutho
Okokuqala, chonga uhlobo lothumelo lwesithuthi sakho. Ukuba uqhuba i-manual transmission, i-flywheel ibalulekile. Inika uzinzo kunye nogcino lwamandla olufunekayo kutshintsho lwegiya olugudileyo. Ukuhanjiswa okuzenzekelayo, i-flexplate ibalulekile. Uyilo lwayo olukhaphukhaphu kunye nokuguquguquka luyenza ilungele ukuhanjiswa kwamandla okusebenzayo kunye nokunciphisa ubunzima bokujikeleza. Ukwazi uhlobo lwakho losulelo kukunceda ugxile kwicandelo elifanelekileyo.
Iimfuno zoMsebenzi
Okulandelayo, qwalasela iimfuno zakho zokusebenza. Ngaba ujonge ukuthembeka kwemihla ngemihla okanye imincili enesantya esiphezulu? Ukuba ukwindawo yokubaleka okanye unesithuthi esinentsebenzo ephezulu, i-flexplate ekhaphukhaphu inokuba lolona bhejo lwakho lungcono. Iimveliso ezifana neMeziere, ATI, kunye ne-TCI zibonelela ngeendlela ezithembekileyo zezicelo zomdyarho. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuba ukuqina kunye nokuphila ixesha elide zizinto eziphambili zakho, i-steel flexplate inika ukuqina kwaye inokusingatha uxinzelelo lokuqhuba imihla ngemihla.
IiNgcebiso zeNgcali
Imboniselo Insights
Iingcali zincoma ii-flexplates eziqinisekisiweyo ze-SFI zolwakhiwo lwamandla aphezulu ehashe. Ezi flexplates zenzelwe ukuguquguquka ngexesha lokusebenza kwe-injini, ukubuyisela ukuguquguquka kwetorque. Oku kuguquguquka kwandisa ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu. Kubathandi bomdyarho wokutsala, i-aluminium flexplates inika ukukhawuleza okukhawulezileyo ngenxa yobunzima bayo obulula, ngelixa ii-flexplates zentsimbi zinika ukuqina.
IiNgcaciso zobuGcisa
Xa ukhetha i-flexplate, nikela ingqalelo kwiinkcukacha zobugcisa ezifana nepateni yebholithi kunye negiya lezinyo. Ezi nkcukacha ziqinisekisa ukuhambelana nokuseta injini yakho. Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kunye nokugcinwa kubalulekile ukugcina i-flexplate yakho ikwimeko ephezulu. I-flexplate egcinwe kakuhle iqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwaye yandisa ubomi be-drivetrain yesithuthi sakho.
Umrhumo kwiimagazini ze-Intanethi SIMAHLA
Iingenelo kubathandi beMoto
Ukuhlala unolwazi malunga neendlela zamva nje kunye nobuchwepheshe kwihlabathi leemoto kubalulekile. Ukubhalisela iiMagazini ze-Intanethi SIMAHLA kunika uncedo oluninzi kwabo bathanda iimoto. Uya kufikelela kwiingcebiso zengcali, uphononongo lwemveliso, kunye neendaba zeshishini, kukunceda wenze izigqibo ezinolwazi malunga nesithuthi sakho.
Ukufikelela kwi-Dragzine kunye nezinye izixhobo
Iimagazini ezikwi-Intanethi SIMAHLA ezifana neDragzine zibonelela ngolwazi oluxabisekileyo kwihlabathi lomdyarho kunye neemoto zokusebenza. Uya kufumana amanqaku kwii-flexplates, ii-flywheels, kunye nezinye izinto ezibalulekileyo, kunye neengcebiso kunye namaqhinga avela kwiingcali zoshishino. Nokuba ungumdyarho onamava okanye umntu othanda imoto nje, ezi zixhobo zikugcina uhlaziyiwe kwaye unolwazi.
Ukukhetha phakathi kwe-flywheel kunye ne-flexplate kuyancipha ukuqonda iimfuno zesithuthi sakho. IiFlywheels zilungele ukuhanjiswa ngesandla, ezinikezela uzinzo kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla. I-Flexplates, kwelinye icala, ilungele ukuhanjiswa okuzenzekelayo, ukudibanisa i-torque converter kwi-crankshaft ye-injini. Ukwenza ukhetho olufanelekileyo, cinga ukubonisana neengcali zeemoto ezinokubonelela ngeengcebiso ezilungiselelwe. Ukuhlala unolwazi kubalulekile, ngoko ke ukubhalisela iimagazini zoshishino kunokunika ulwazi oluqhubekayo kunye nohlaziyo. Olu lwazi luqinisekisa ukuba wenze izigqibo ezizizo ezandisa ukusebenza kwesithuthi sakho kunye nobomi obude.
Ixesha lokuposa: Oct-08-2024