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Uyisusa njani i-Intake Manifold in 10 Easy Steps

Uyisusa njani i-Intake Manifold in 10 Easy Steps

Uyisusa njani i-Intake Manifold in 10 Easy Steps

Umthombo womfanekiso:iipexels

Ukuthatha okuninzi: Icandelo elibalulekileyo kwi-injini, iindlela yokususa i-intake manifoldidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekusasazeni umoya kwiisilinda kunye nokuqinisekisa ukutsha okufanelekileyo.Undoqo weqokobhe oluchanekileyo oluphezuluitekhnoloji iphakamisa ukusebenza kunye nokusebenza kakuhle, igalelo kumoya opholileyo kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kwe-injini. Eli candelo liyimfuneko kwiimoto ezinenjini eyi-V, ezibonelela ngobude bembaleki eyandisiweyo ngaphakathi kwendawo enyiniweyo. Ngokuvumela injini ukuba iphefumle ngokufanelekileyo, iI-aftermarket ithatha ngokuphindaphindiweyoiqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa komoya okufanayo kuzo zonke iisilinda ukwenzela ukusebenza okuphuculweyo.

Inkqubo yokususwa kwezinto ezininzi

Inkqubo yokususwa kwezinto ezininzi
Umthombo womfanekiso:iipexels

Niniukulungiselelaukususa ubuninzi bokuthatha, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa konkeamanyathelo okhuselekozisendaweni. Oku kubandakanya ukunxiba izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokhuseleko kunye nokuvumela injini ukuba iphole ngokwaneleyo. Ngokufanelekileyoukupholisa injiniikhusela naziphi na iingozi okanye ukulimala ngexesha lenkqubo yokususa.

Ukuqala, inyathelo lokuqala libandakanyaukususaisihluzo somoya kunye nesikhongozeli. Qala ngokukhupha ngononophelo isihluzo somoya, uqinisekise ukuba ungonakalisi kwinkqubo. Emva koko qhubeka nokususa isikhongozeli, uqinisekise ukuba ugcina umkhondo wazo zonke izinto ezisusiweyo ukuze uphinde uhlangane kwakhona kamva.

Izixhobo kunye neeNdawo ezifunekayo

Izixhobo ezifunekayo

  • Iseti ye-socket ye-3/8
  • 8, 10, 12, 14mm iziseko
  • 3/8th iratchet
  • Izandiso
  • Iipliers ezahlukeneyo

Iinxalenye eziyimfuneko

  • Iipliers zokususa ithumbu
  • Umzila wamafutha uyaqhawula
  • TGV ukuya gaskets injini
  • Ukupholisa

Ngokulandela la manyathelo ngenkuthalo kwaye usebenzise iizixhobo ezichaziweyo kunye namalungu, ungagqibezela ngempumelelo iukuthatha inkqubo yokususa ezininzingokulula.

Inyathelo 1:Nciphisa iFuel Line

Ukuze ngempumeleloqhawula umgca wamafuthangexesha lenkqubo yokususwa kwezinto ezininzi, kubalulekile ukufumana umgca wepetroli ngokuchanekileyo. Umgca wamafutha ngokwesiqhelo ubekwe kufutshane nendawo eninzi yokuthatha kwaye unokuchongwa ngokuqhagamshelwa kwayo kwi-injini. Wakuba uwufumene umgca wepetroli, qhubeka ngononophelo ukuthintela nakuphi na ukuchitheka okanye ukuvuza.

Okulandelayo, qalisa iinkqubo yokuqhawulangokukhulula ngononophelo izixhobo ezikhusela umgca wamafutha kwindawo. Sebenzisa izixhobo ezifanelekileyo ezifana neepliers zokususa ithumbu ukuze uqhawule umgca wamafutha kakuhle. Qinisekisa ukuba unesikhongozeli esilungele ukubamba nayiphi na i-fuel egqithisileyo enokuthi ikhuphe ngaphandle kweli nyathelo.

Khumbula ukuphatha intambo yamafutha ngobunono kwaye ulandele imigaqo yokhuseleko ukuthintela naziphi na iingozi okanye ukwenzakala. Ngokuqhawula umgca wepetroli ngokuchanekileyo, uvula indlela yokuqhubela phambili ngokungenamthungo ngokusebenzisa inkqubo yokususwa kwezinto ezininzi.

Khangela iFuel Line

  • Chonga indawo yayo kufutshane nomthamo wokuthatha
  • Khangela unxibelelwano olukhokelela kwi-injini

Ukukhupha inkqubo

  • Khulula izixhobo ngokukhuselekileyo ubambe umgca wamafutha
  • Sebenzisa ipayipi yokususa ithumbu ukuze uqhawule umbhobho ogudileyo

Inyathelo lesi-2: Khulula iiNti

Nuts Indawo

Xa uqhubeka nokususwa kwezinto ezininzi, fumana amantongomane akhusela i-carburetor kunye nokuthatha okuninzi kunye. La mandongomane aqhele ukubekwa kwiindawo ezithile ecaleni kwendibano, efuna ingqalelo kwiinkcukacha zokususwa ngempumelelo.

Inkqubo yokukhulula

Ukukhulula ngokufanelekileyo amandongomane ngeli nyathelo, sebenzisa i-10 mm ye-open-end wrench okanye i-10 mm socket/ratchet. Ngononophelo beka isixhobo phezu kwe nut nganye kwaye usebenzise uxinzelelo oluhamba kancinci kwicala elichasene newotshi ukuze uzikhulule. Qinisekisa ukuba amandla angaguqukiyo asetyenziswa ukukhusela umonakalo kumalungu ajikelezileyo.

Nje ukuba onke amandongomane akhululwe ngokwaneleyo, awasuse ngononophelo kwiindawo zawo. Gcina umkhondo we nut nganye ukuququzelela ukuhlangana kwakhona kamva kwinkqubo. Ngokulandela okuindlela yokwenza, ungaqhubela phambili ngokufanelekileyo ngokusebenzisa inkqubo yokususa ezininzi ngokuchanekileyo nangokulula.

Ukudibanisa ezi zixhobo ngaphandle komthungo ekuhambeni kwakho komsebenzi kuphucula ukusebenza kunye nokuchaneka ngexesha lenkqubo yokususa. Khumbula ukuphatha indongomane nganye ngobunono kwaye uyigcine ngokukhuselekileyo ukuze igcinwe de kufuneke ukuphinda kufakelwe.

Inyathelo lesi-3:Susa i-Intake Manifold

Inkqubo yokususwa kwezinto ezininzi

Ukwenza iinkqubo yokususa ezininzingokufanelekileyo, qalisa ngokusebenzisa i-10 mm evulekileyo yokuvala isiphelo okanye i-10 mm socket / i-ratchet ukukhulula kunye nokususa amantongomane akhusela ubuninzi bokungena. Khulula ngononophelo indongomane ngalinye kwicala elichasene newotshi, uqinisekise uxinzelelo olungaguqukiyo lokuthintela nawuphi na umonakalo. Nje ukuba onke amandongomane esusiwe, susa ngobunono umthamo wokuthatha kwizindlu zawo.

Emva kokususa ngempumelelo i-manifold intake, qhubeka nayoukucoca amazibuko okungenaukugcina ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-injini. Sebenzisa ivacuum ukususa nayiphi na inkunkuma okanye ubumdaka obuqokelelwe ngaphakathi kwamazibuko. Hlola ngokucokisekileyo kwaye ucoce izibuko ngalinye ukuqinisekisa ukuhamba komoya okufanelekileyo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokutsha.

Ukucoca amazibuko okungena

  • Sebenzisa ivacuum ukususa inkunkuma
  • Hlola izibuko ngalinye ngononophelo
  • Qinisekisa ukucocwa ngokucokisekileyo ukuze usebenze ngokugqibeleleyo

Ngokulandela la manyathelo ngenkuthalo, ungagqibezela ngaphandle komthungo inkqubo yokususa izinto ezininzi kwaye ugcine ukusebenza kwe-injini yakho kangangoko.

MerCruiser Intake Manifold Ukususwa

Izixhobo ezikhethekileyo kunye neeNdawo

Izixhobo zeMerCruiser

Xa uqalisa iI-MerCruiser ithatha ukususwa ngeendlela ezininzi, kubalulekile ukuba nezixhobo ezifanelekileyo onazo. Iizixhobo zeMerCruiserefunekayo kulo msebenzi iquka i-3/8th socket set, iziseko ezahlukeneyo ukusuka kwi-8mm ukuya kwi-14mm, i-ratchet ye-3/8, izandiso zokufikelela okongeziweyo, kunye neepliers ezidibeneyo. Ezi zixhobo zibalulekile ekuqhawuleni ngokufanelekileyo i-manifold intake kunye nokuqinisekisa inkqubo yokususa egudileyo.

Iinxalenye zeMerCruiser

Ukongeza kwizixhobo, iindawo ezithile ziyimfuneko kwiI-MerCruiser ithatha ukususwa ngeendlela ezininziinkqubo. Ezi nxalenye zibandakanya iipliers zokususa i-hose yokuqhawula i-hoses ngokukhuselekileyo, umgca wepetroli uqhawule ukukhupha ngokukhuselekileyo umgca wamafutha,TGV ukuya gaskets injinikumalungu okuphinda kutywinwe, kunye nesipholisi ukugcina ubushushu be-injini obubonayo ngexesha lonke lomsebenzi. Ukuba nala macandelo afumaneka ngokukhawuleza kuya kulungelelanisa inkqubo yokususa kunye negalelo kwisiphumo esiyimpumelelo.

Inyathelo 1: Ukulungiselela

Amanyathelo okhuseleko

Ukubeka phambili ukhuseleko kubaluleke kakhulu xa ulungiselelaI-MerCruiser ithatha ukususwa ngeendlela ezininzi. Qinisekisa ukuba onke amanyathelo okhuseleko ayasebenza phambi kokuba uqalise umsebenzi. Oku kuquka ukunxiba izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokukhusela ezifana neeglavu kunye nezibuko zokukhusela ukwenzakala. Ukongeza, qiniseka ukuba injini ipholile ngokupheleleyo ukuphepha naziphi na iingozi ngexesha lokususa.

Ukupholisa Injini

Ukupholisa i-injini ngokufanelekileyo kubalulekile ngaphambi kokuba uqaliseI-MerCruiser ithatha ukususwa ngeendlela ezininzi. Ukuvumela ixesha elaneleyo lokuba i-injini iphole kunciphisa umngcipheko wokutsha okanye ezinye iingozi ngelixa uphethe amacandelo. Ngokupholisa injini ngokwaneleyo, udala indawo yokusebenza ekhuselekileyo eququzelela inkqubo yokususa egudileyo nesebenzayo.

Inyathelo lesi-2: Nxibelela umgca weFuel

Xa usondela kwiinkqubo yokuqhawulayomgca wamafutha, ukuchaneka kunye nokulumkisa kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukuchonga iindawo yomgca wamafuthakufutshane nomthamo wokuthatha kubalulekile kwinkqubo yokususa engenamthungo. Uqhagamshelwano olukhokelela kwi-injini lusebenza njengesalathisi esicacileyo sendawo yayo. Ukusebenzisa izixhobo ezikhethekileyo ezifanaIzixhobo zokuqhawula umgca wamafuthaiqinisekisa uqhawulo olukhuselekileyo nolusebenzayo ngaphandle kokuchithakala okanye ukuvuza.

Ukuqalisa iinkqubo yokuqhawulakufuna ingqalelo ecokisekileyo kwiinkcukacha. Ukukhulula izifakelo ngokukhuselekileyo ubambe umgca wepetroli kwindawo kufuna i-finesse kunye nobuchule. NgeI-Hose remover pliers I-Fuel, ucofe ngobuchule umgca wepetroli ukuze ugweme nawuphi na umonakalo okanye umonakalo ngeli nyathelo elibalulekileyo.

Ngokulandela la manyathelo ngenkuthalo, ungazulazula kwiUqhawulo lombane wepetrolingokuzithemba nangokuchaneka, ukubeka isiseko esiluqilima senkqubo eyimpumelelo yokususa izinto ezininzi.

Inyathelo lesi-3: Khulula iiNti

Nuts Indawo

Ukuqhubela phambili nenkqubo yokususa kakuhle, chonga iindawo ezithile zamantongomane akhusela i-carburetor kunye nokuthatha okuninzi kunye. La mandongomane adlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugcineni imfezeko yesakhiwo sendibano.

Inkqubo yokukhulula

Xa ukhulula amantongomane, qinisekisa ukuchaneka kunye nokunyamekela ukuphepha nawuphi na umonakalo kumacandelo ajikelezayo. Sebenzisa i-10 mm ye-open-end wrench okanye i-10 mm socket / ratchet kulo msebenzi. Faka uxinzelelo oluncinci kwicala elichasene newotshi ukukhulula i-nut nganye ngokufanelekileyo.

Ngokulandela la manyathelo ngokucokisekileyo, unokulungiselela indibano ye-disassembly engenamthungo ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukusebenza kwayo okanye ukuzinza.

Inyathelo 4: Phawula kwaye ukhuphe iGasket

Ukumakisha iGasket

Ngaphambi kokususa i-gasket, phawula indawo yayo ngokucophelela ukuze uqinisekise ukulungelelaniswa okufanelekileyo ngexesha lokubuyisela. Eli nyathelo libalulekile ukugcina ukuhambelana kunye nokuthintela nayiphi na imiba yokungahambi kakuhle.

Ukususa iGasket

Susa ngokucokisekileyo i-gasket ngokuyixobula ngobunono kwindawo yayo. Thatha ixesha lakho ukunqanda ukukrazula okanye ukonakalisa i-gasket, njengoko isebenza njengetywina elibalulekileyo phakathi kwezinto.

Ngokumakisha kunye nokususa i-gasket ngendlela, uvula indlela yenkqubo eyimpumelelo yokuqhawula ngelixa ugcina ingqibelelo yecandelo.

Inyathelo 5: Susa i-Intake Manifold

Inkqubo yokususwa kwezinto ezininzi

Xa ujongana neukususwa kokuthatha okuninzi, ukuchaneka kunye nokunyamekela kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqinisekisa inkqubo egudileyo. Qala ngokusebenzisa a10 mm isitshixo esivulekileyookanye i-10 mm socket / ratchet ukukhulula kunye nokususa amantongomane akhusela ukuphindaphinda kokuthatha. Kancinane ukhulule indongomane ngalinye ulibhekise kwicala elichasene newotshi, ugcine uxinzelelo olungaguqukiyo ukuthintela nawuphi na umonakalo. Nje ukuba onke amandongomane akhutshiwe, yahlula ngobunono i-intake manifold kwizindlu zayo.

Emva kokususa ngempumelelo intaphane yokuthatha, kubalulekile ukugxila kuyoukucoca amazibuko okungenaukusebenza kakuhle kwenjini. Sebenzisa ivacuum ukuphelisa nayiphi na inkunkuma okanye ubumdaka obuqokelelwe ngaphakathi kwamazibuko. Hlola ngokucokisekileyo izibuko ngalinye ukuqinisekisa ukuhamba komoya okufanelekileyo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokutsha.

Ukucoca amazibuko okungena

  • Sebenzisa ivacuum ukususa inkunkuma
  • Hlola izibuko ngalinye ngononophelo
  • Qinisekisa ukucocwa ngokucokisekileyo ukuze usebenze ngokugqibeleleyo

Ngokulandela la manyathelo ngenkuthalo, ungagqibezela ngaphandle komthungo inkqubo yokususa izinto ezininzi kwaye ugcine ukusebenza kwe-injini yakho kangangoko.

Ukususwa Okunintsi kunye noTshintsho

Ukususwa Okunintsi kunye noTshintsho
Umthombo womfanekiso:iipexels

Izixhobo kunye neeNdawo ezifunekayo

Izixhobo ezifunekayo

  • 3/8th iseti yesiseko
  • 8, 10, 12, 14mm iziseko
  • 3/8th iratchet
  • Izandiso zokufikelela okongeziweyo
  • Iipliers ezahlukeneyo zemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo

Iinxalenye eziyimfuneko

  • Iipliers zokususa umbhobho wokuqhawula umbhobho okhuselekileyo
  • Umgca we-fuel uyanqanyulwa ukuze uthintele ngokukhuselekileyo umgca wepetroli
  • I-TGV kwi-gaskets ye-injini yokuphinda iphinde iphinde itywinwe ngokufanelekileyo
  • Ukupholisa ukugcina ubushushu be-injini obuphezulu ngexesha lenkqubo

Inyathelo 1: Ukulungiselela

ImiGaqo yoKhuseleko

Lubeke phambili ukhuseleko ngokunxiba izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokhuseleko ezifana neeglavu kunye neeglavu. Ukuqinisekisa indawo yokusebenza ekhuselekileyo ngokulandela onke amanyathelo acetyiswayo okhuseleko.

Ukupholisa Injini

Vumela injini ixesha elaneleyo lokupholisa ngokupheleleyo phambi kokuba uqalise inkqubo yokususwa kwezinto ezininzi. Eli nyathelo libalulekile ekuthinteleni naziphi na iingozi okanye ukwenzakala ngexesha lenkqubo.

Inyathelo 2: Susa isihluzo soMoya kunye nesikhongozeli

Ukususwa kwesihluzi somoya

Susa ngononophelo isihluzi somoya ukuze ufikelele kuninzi lokuthatha lula. Phatha isihluzo somoya ngononophelo ukuthintela umonakalo.

Ukususwa Kwesikhongozeli

Susa isikhongozeli ngelixa ugcina umkhondo wawo onke amalungu asusiweyo ukuze adityaniswe kwakhona kamva. Amalungu olungiselelo aqinisekisa inkqubo yokutshintshwa egudileyo ngaphandle kokuphoswa naziphi na izinto ezibalulekileyo.

Inyathelo lesi-3: Nxibelela kumgca weFuel

Khangela iFuel Line

Ukuqhubela phambili ngempumelelo kunye nenkqubo yokususwa kwezinto ezininzi, ngokuchanekileyokhangelaumgca wamafutha obekwe kufuphi nendawo eninzi yokuthatha. Ukuba kufutshane kwelayini yepetroli kwi-injini kwenza ukuba ibonakale lula xa kuqhawulwa umthungo.

Ukukhupha inkqubo

Qalisa iinkqubo yokuqhawulangokuqinisekisa ukuba uchonge umgca wamafutha ngokuchanekileyo. Sebenzisa izixhobo ezikhethekileyo ezifanaUmzila wamafutha uyaqhawulaukususa ngokukhuselekileyo umgca wamafutha ngaphandle kokubangela ukuvuza okanye ukuchitheka. Khulula ngononophelo kwaye ususe naziphi na izixhobo ezibambe umgca wepetroli endaweni ukuze kube lula uqhawulo olugudileyo.

Ngokulandela la manyathelo ngenkuthalo, unokuhamba ngokufanelekileyo ngokuqhawula umgca wepetroli, usete isiseko esiluqilima senkqubo eyimpumelelo yokususa izinto ezininzi.

Inyathelo lesi-4: Khulula iiNti

Nuts Indawo

Xa ulungiselela ukukhulula amandongomane, zichonge iindawo zabo ngocoselelo. Amantongomane akhusela i-carburetor kunye ne-intake manifold abekwe ngobuchule ecaleni kwendibano. Khangela i-nut nganye ngokuchanekileyo ukuqinisekisa indlela ecwangcisiweyo kwinkqubo yokususa.

Inkqubo yokukhulula

Ukukhulula amandongomane ngokufanelekileyo, sebenzisa i-10 mm yesitshixo esivulekileyo okanye aI-10 mm socket / ratchet. Faka uxinzelelo olucothayo kwicala elichasene newotshi ukukhulula indongomane nganye ngokukhuselekileyo. Ngokulandela le ndlela ye-methodical, unokukhulula ngokucwangcisiweyo onke amandongomane ngaphandle kokubangela nawuphi na umonakalo kumalungu ajikelezileyo.

Inyathelo 5: Phawula kwaye Susa ifayileGasket

Ukumakisha iGasket

Ngaphambi kokuba uqhubekeukususa i-gasket, zinike ixesha lokumakisha indawo ekuyo ngokuchanekileyo. Ukumakishwa kuqinisekisa ukulungelelaniswa okufanelekileyo ngexesha lokufakwa kwakhona, ukugcina ingqibelelo yecandelo kuyo yonke inkqubo.

Ukususa iGasket

Ngononophelo ukhuphe i-gasket ekubekweni kwayo, uqinisekiseukuphatha kakuhleukuthintela ukukrazula okanye umonakalo. Ukususa i-gasket kuqinisekisa inkqubo egudileyo yokudilizwa ngelixa ugcina imfezeko yolwakhiwo.

Inyathelo 6: Susa iIsibiyelikunye neFasteners

Ukususwa kwesibiyeli

Beka izinto ezibalulekileyo kwindawo yokuqalaukususa isibiyelikuqala phambi kokuba ujongane neziqhoboshi ngaphantsi nangaphezulu kwe-intake manifold. Qala ngokususa isibiyeli ngononophelo ukuququzelela amanyathelo alandelayo ngaphandle komthungo.

Ukususwa kweFasteners

Emva kokususa isibiyeli, qhubekaukususa iziqhoboshiibekwe ngaphantsi nangaphezulu kwendawo yokwamkela. Qinisekisa uqwalaselo olucokisekileyo kwiinkcukacha xa ukhulula isiqhoboshi ngasinye ukuze ususwe ngempumelelo ngaphandle kokubeka esichengeni uzinzo lwamanye amacandelo.

Inyathelo 7: Susa i-Intake Manifold

Inkqubo yokususwa kwezinto ezininzi

  1. Hlukanisa amaNathi: Qalisa ngokusebenzisa i-10 mm ye-open-end wrench okanye i-10 mm socket / i-ratchet ukukhulula kunye nokususa amantongomane akhusela ubuninzi bokungena. Khulula indongomane ngalinye kwicala elichasene newotshi ngoxinzelelo olungaguqukiyo ukuthintela umonakalo.
  2. Yahlula ngobunono: Nje ukuba onke amandongomane akhululwe, susa ngobunono i-intake manifold kwizindlu zayo. Thatha ixesha lakho ukuqinisekisa inkqubo yokususa egudileyo ngaphandle kokubangela nayiphi na ingozi kumalungu ajikelezileyo.

Ukucoca amazibuko okungena

  1. Susa inkunkuma: Sebenzisa ivacuum ukucoca izibuko zokungena ngocoselelo. Susa nakuphi na ukungcola okanye ubutyobo obuqokelelwe ngaphakathi kwamazibuko ukwenzela ukusebenza kakuhle kwenjini.
  2. Ukuhlolwa Ngenyameko: Hlola izibuko ngalinye ngononophelo ukuqinisekisa ukuhamba komoya okufanelekileyo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokutsha. Qinisekisa ukuba onke amazibuko acocekile kwaye akanayo nayiphi na imiqobo.

Inyathelo lesi-8: Amanyathelo okugqibela

Ukuhlola iNdawo

  • Uviwo Olucokisekileyo: Yenza uhlolo olucacileyo lommandla emva kokususa i-manifold intake. Khangela nayiphi na inkunkuma eseleyo okanye iimpawu zokuguga ezinokufuna ukuhoywa.
  • Qinisekisa Ucoceko: Qinisekisa ukuba indawo icocekile kwaye ayinayo nayiphi na into eshiyekileyo okanye ubumdaka obunokuchaphazela ukusebenza kwenjini.

Ukutshintsha ngeManifold eNtsha

  • Ufakelo olukhuselekileyo: Xa ufaka enye indawo nge-manifold entsha, qinisekisa ukuba ibekwe ngokukhuselekileyo endaweni. Landela izikhokelo ezifanelekileyo zofakelo ukugcina ukusebenza kwe-injini.
  • Qinisa iFasteners: Zibophe ngokukhuselekileyo onke amandongomane kunye neebholiti ukunqanda naluphi na uqhagamshelo olungakhokelela kwimiba kwixesha elizayo.

Ukuqukumbela, inkqubo yokususa izinto ezininzi ngumsebenzi obalulekileyo wolondolozo oqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-injini. Ngokulandela iamanyathelo alula achazwe ngasentla, ungasusa ngempumelelo i-intake manifold kwaye ube nemoto yakho iqhuba kakuhle kwakhona. Khumbula ukucoca izibuko zokungena ngocoselelo ukugcina ukusebenza kakuhle. Ukuze ube nesiphumo esinempumelelo, yihlole ngocoselelo indawo leyo kwaye ubeke endaweni entsha ngokukhuselekileyo. Hlala ubeka phambiliamanyathelo okhuselekokwaye ujonge incwadana yemigaqo yesithuthi sakho ngemiyalelo ethile. Ngezi ngcebiso engqondweni, unokujongana ngokuzithemba nale nkqubo ibalulekileyo.

 


Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-29-2024