Ama-bolts anenkani ngokunembile ebalulekile lapho uthatha indawo yezakhi ezinamandla. I-torque efanele ivimbela ukuvuza kokukhipha, ivikela ikhanda elinomugqa ne-cylinder, futhi iqinisekisa ukuthi injini yakho isebenza kahle. Le khasiUkuphelisa i-manifold enjini yemotoAmasistimu ngokuvamile adinga uhla lwe-torque lwama-15-30 ama-ft-lbs, kuya ngemoto. Njalo hlola imininingwane yomenzi yamanani aqondile. I-torque engalungile ingaholela ekulimaleni noma ngezinkinga zokusebenza. Ukuthi uyasebenza yiniMarine Working Manifoldsnoma aInjini yokukhipha amandla manifold, Ukulandela inqubo efanele kuqinisekisa ukuphepha, ukuqina, kanye nokusebenza kahle.
Ukuthathwa Key
- Njalo bhekisa encwadini yesevisi yemoto yakho ngezincazelo eziqondile ze-torque, ngokuvamile ezisukela ku-15-30 ama-ft-lbs, ukuvikela ukuvuza nomonakalo.
- Sebenzisa i-torque elukhuni ukuqinisekisa uhlelo oluqondile lwe-torque, ukugwema iphutha elijwayelekile lokuqinisa ngokweqile okungaholela ezindabeni ezimbi kakhulu zenjini.
- Landela ukulandelana okutusekayo okutusekayo, ukuqala ngama-bolts esikhungo nokuhamba ngaphandle ngephethini ye-crisscross, ukuqinisekisa ngisho nokusatshalaliswa kwengcindezi futhi kuvikeleke.
- Hlola futhi uhlanze wonke ama-bolts kanye nezimbobo ezinomuzwa ngaphambi kokufaka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kufanelekile futhi uvikele ukuwela.
- Faka isicelo se-Anti-Baze Compound kuphela uma kuchazwe ngumenzi ukuvikela ama-BOLTS ekubambeni, kepha qaphela ukuthi ungasebenzisi ngokweqile njengoba kungathinta ukunemba kwe-torque.
- Ngemuva kokufaka, hlola kabili i-torque ngayinye ye-bolt futhi uhlole ukuvuza okufuywayo ngokuqala injini futhi ufuna izimpawu ezibonakalayo noma imisindo engajwayelekile.
Amathuluzi nokulungiselela ukumiselela okuningi
Ngaphambi kokuthi uqaleUkubuyisela okunye ukuqeda ama-bolts amaningi, ukuqoqa amathuluzi afanele futhi ukulungiselela kahle kuqinisekisa inqubo ebushelelezi nephumelelayo. Ukulungiswa okufanele kunciphisa amaphutha futhi kukusiza ukufeza i-torque enembile.
Amathuluzi Abalulekile
Ukuba ne-Amathuluzi afaneleibalulekile kulo msebenzi. Nakhu okudingayo:
- Torque wrench: Sebenzisa uhlobo lokuchofoza noma uhlobo lwe-torque yedijithali yezilinganiso eziqondile. Leli thuluzi liqinisekisa ukuthi usebenzise i-torque eqondile echazwe ngumenzi.
- Isethi yesokhethi: Khetha isokhethi elihambisana nosayizi we-bolts ephelelwe amandla. I-Fit efanelekile ivimbela ukushelela nokulimaza amakhanda e-bolt.
- Ibha ye-ratchet noma i-breaker: Lawa mathuluzi akusiza ukukhulula ama-bolts anenkani noma abunjiwe kalula.
- Intambo yokuhlanza noma ibhulashi le-wire: Hlanza imicu yama-bolts nezimbobo ezinomuzwa ukuze ususe ukungcola, ukugqwala, noma imfucumfucu. Lesi sinyathelo sibonisa ukufakwa okubushelelezi.
- I-Anti-Vuka Compact: Faka lokhu okuhlanganisiwe uma umenzi uyincoma. Kuvimbela ama-bolts ekubambeni ngenxa yokushisa okuphezulu.
Izinyathelo zokulungiselela
Ukulungiselela kuyisihluthulelo sokugwema amaphutha ajwayelekile kanye nokuqinisekisa ukufakwa okuphephile. Landela lezi zinyathelo:
- Hlola ama-bolts ngokugqoka noma ukulimala: Hlola i-bolt ngayinye ngokucophelela. Faka esikhundleni noma yiziphi izigqoko ezibonisa izimpawu zokugqwala, ukugoba, noma ukugaya.
- Hlanza imicu ye-bolt nezimbobo ezihlanganisiwe: Sebenzisa ukuhlanza intambo noma ibhulashi yocingo ukususa noma yimuphi umsebenzi. Imicu ehlanzekile ivumela ama-bolts ukuthi ahlale kahle futhi avikele ukuwela.
- Faka isicelo se-Anti-Baze Compound: Uma kuchaziwe kwincwajana yenkonzo, yahlanganisa imicu ye-bolt kancane nge-anti-baze compound. Lesi sinyathelo senza ukususwa okuzayo kube lula futhi kuvikeleke ezindabeni zokunwebeka okushisayo.
- Hlela i-manifold eqeda amandla ne-gasket: Qinisekisa ukuthi i-manifold ne-gasket ibekwe kahle ngaphambi kokufakwa. Ukungasebenzi kungaholela ekuvuzani noma ekucindezelweni okungalingani kuma-bolts.
Ngokulandela lezi zinyathelo futhi usebenzisa amathuluzi afanele, uzibekela impumelelo lapho uthatha indawo ekhipha amandla ama-BOLTS. Ukulungiselela okufanele kungagcini kuphela isikhathi kodwa futhi kuqinisekisa ukuqina nokusebenza kohlelo lwakho lokuphelelwa amandla.
Inqubo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo sokufaka esikhundleni sama-bolts akhiphelayo
Ukungena esikhundleni se-bolts ekhipha amandla kudinga ukunemba nokunaka imininingwane. Ukulandela inqubo ehlelekile kuqinisekisa ukufakwa okuphephile futhi kuvimbela izingqinamba njengokuvuza noma ukulimala. Ngezansi aIsiqondisi se-Step-by-stepukukusiza uqedele umsebenzi ngempumelelo.
Ukufakwa kokuqala kwe-bolt
Qala ngokuqinisa zonke izinsimbi. Lesi sinyathelo sivumelanisa i-manifold eqeda amandla ne-gasket kahle. Sebenzisa iminwe yakho ukuhlanganisa i-bolt ngayinye emgodini wayo kuze kube yilapho izizwa i-snug. Gwema ukusebenzisa amathuluzi kulesi sigaba, njengokuqinisa ngokweqile kungalimaza izakhi. Ukuqondanisa kahle kuqinisekisa ukuthi i-manifold ihlala ngokulinganayo ngokumelene nekhanda le-cylinder, kunciphisa ubungozi bokuvuza.
Ukulandelana okuqinisa
LandelaUkulandelana okuqinisakunconywe ngumenzi. Lokhu kulandelana kuqala ngokuqala ngama-bolts aphakathi nendawo futhi kuhamba ngaphandle kwephethini ye-crisscross. Inhloso yale ndlela ukusabalalisa ingcindezi ngokulinganayo enkundleni. Ukuqiniseka okungalingani kungadala ukugoqa noma izikhala, okuholela ekuvuzani kokuphuma. Bheka incwajana yezemisebenzi yemoto yakho ngokulandelana okuqondile, ngoba ingahluka ngokuya ngomklamo wenjini.
"Ukulandelana okuqhubekayo kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ngisho nokusatshalaliswa kwengcindezi kanye nokuvimbela ukulimala kwekhanda le-manifold noma isilinda."
Kufaka i-torque
- Setha i-torque wrench yakho kunani elicacisiwe. Ama-bolts amaningi aphelayo adinga ububanzi be-torque we-15-30 ama-ft-lbs, kepha aqinisekise njalo ukucaciswa okuqondile encwadini yakho yenkonzo.
- Qinisa i-bolt ngayinye ngokulandelana okuyikho. Qala ngama-bolts aphakathi nendawo futhi usebenze ngaphandle, usebenzisa i-torque ebekiwe kuyo ngayinye. Lesi sinyathelo siqinisekisa ukuthi i-manifold ivikelekile ngokulinganayo.
- Uma umenzi ecacisa inqubo eyisiteji emibili, ayilandele ngokucophelela. Isibonelo, qinisa ama-bolts kunani eliphansi kuqala (isib., 10 ft-lbs), bese ukhuphuka ube yinani lokugcina le-torque. Le ndlela yokuhamba kancane isiza ekuhlaseleni okuningi futhi i-gasket kahle ngaphandle kokucindezela kakhulu ama-bolts.
Ngemuva kokuqeda inqubo ye-torque, hlola kabili i-bolt ngayinye ukuze uyiqinisekise ihlangabezana ne-torque ebekiwe. Lokhu kuhlola kokugcina kuqinisekisa ukuthi azikho ama-bolts aqine noma aqine ngokweqile, angehlisa ukufakwa.
Ngokulandela lezi zinyathelo, ungaqedela ngempumelelo inqubo yokufaka esikhundleni sama-bolts angenamikhawulo. Icebo elifanele aligcini nje ngokuqinisekisa ukulunga okuphephile kepha futhi linweba isikhathi sokuphila sohlelo lwakho lokuphelelwa amandla.
Isheke lokugcina
Phinda uphinde uqinisekise ama-bolts ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi ahloselwe ukucaciswa okuyilo.
Ngemuva kokuqeda inqubo ye-torque, kufanele uphinde uhlole i-bolt ngayinye. Sebenzisa i-torque wrench yakho ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi wonke ama-bolt afana nenani elicacisiwe le-torque ebekiwe. Lesi sinyathelo siqinisekisa ukuthi azikho ama-bolts aqine noma aqine ngokweqile. Ngisho ne-bolt eyodwa etholwe ngokungafanele ingahlehlisa uphawu lokuphelelwa amandla ka-manifold's, okuholela ekuvuzeni okungaba khona noma ukulimala. Sebenza ngokuhlelekile, ubheka i-bolt ngayinye ngokulandelana okulinganayo okulandelayo owalandela ngaphambili. Le ndlela iqinisekisa ngisho nokusatshalaliswa kwengcindezi ku-manifold.
Qala injini bese uhlola ukuvuza kwe-eff.
Uma usuvele waqinisekisa i-torque kuyo yonke ama-bolts, qala injini ukuze uvivinye umsebenzi wakho. Vumela injini ibe yize imizuzu embalwa ngenkathi uhlola ngokucophelela indawo yokuphelelwa ngamandla. Funa izimpawu ezibonakalayo zokuvuza kokukhipha, njengokuphunyuka emfundweni noma imisindo engajwayelekile njengokuhlaselwa noma ukuthambisa. Nakisisa amaphuzu okuxhuma phakathi kwe-manifold, gasket, nekhanda le-cylinder. Uma uthola noma yikuphi ukuvuza, cisha injini ngokushesha bese uhlehlisa ama-bolts ukuze uqondaniswe kahle ne-torque. Ukubhekana nokuvuza kuvimbela ngokushesha ezinye izindaba futhi kuqinisekisa ukuphumelela komsebenzi wakho.
Ukuqedela le sheke lokugcina kubalulekile ekufakweni okuphephile nokuthembekile. Ngokuthatha isikhathi ukuqinisekisa umsebenzi wakho, uqinisekisa ukuqina nokusebenza kohlelo lwakho lokuphelelwa amandla. Ukuthi ngabe uthatha indawo ye-SINGIFD BOLTS okokuqala noma njengengxenye yokulungiswa okujwayelekile, lezi zinyathelo zikusiza ukufeza umphumela wekhwalithi ephezulu.
Amaphutha ajwayelekile ukugwema lapho uthatha indawo yokuphelisa ama-bolts amaningi
Lapho uthatha indawo ye-SINGIFOld BOLTS, ukugwema amaphutha ajwayelekile kuqinisekisa ukufakwa okuphumelelayo nokukhula. Amaphutha angaholela ekubizeni okubizayo noma ukulimala kwenjini yakho. Ukuqonda lezi zingibe kukusiza ukufeza imiphumela emihle kakhulu.
Ama-bolts aqine ngokweqile
Ama-bolts akhulisa ngokweqile amaphutha ajwayelekile yiphutha elijwayelekile. Ukufaka isicelo i-torque eseqile kungadonsa imicu ekhanda lesilinda noma kulimaze amabhuleki uqobo. Kungaphinde futhi kuhlangane manifold eqedeni, kubangele ukubekwa uphawu okungafanele nokuvuza okungaba khona. Njalo sebenzisa i-torque emnyama evuthayo ukuze usebenzise i-torque ecacisiwe yomenzi. Leli thuluzi liqinisekisa ukuthi ugwema ukuqina ngokweqile ngenkathi ufinyelela ukulungela okuphephile. Ukunemba kubalulekile ukuvikela ukulimala kanye nokuqinisekisa imisebenzi ebonakalayo njengoba kuhlosiwe.
Ukweqa ukulandelana okuqhubekayo
Yeqa i-Ukulandelana okuqinisaiphazamisa ukusatshalaliswa kwengcindezi kuyo yonke into ebonakalayo. Ingcindezi engalingani ingaholela ezikhampani phakathi kwekhanda le-manifold nekhanda lesilinda, okuholela ekuvuneni kwe-eff. Kungenzeka futhi kubangele ukuthi kuningi ku-warp ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Landela ukulandelana okuqhubekayo okuchazwe encwadinini yezemisebenzi yemoto yakho. Ngokuvamile, lokhu kulandelana kuqala ngezinsimbi eziphakathi nendawo futhi kuhamba ngaphandle kwephethini ye-crisscross. Ukunamathela kule ndlela kuqinisekisa izihlalo eziningi ngokulinganayo nangokuphephile.
"Ukulandelana okuqhubekayo akuyona nje isincomo; Kubalulekile ukuze ulondoloze ubuqotho bohlelo lokuqeda amandla."
Kusetshenziswa amathuluzi angalungile
Kusetshenziswa amathuluzi angalungile kuvame ukuholela ekusetshenzisweni okungafanele kwe-torque. I-torque emshayo engaqondile ingahlinzeka ngokufundwa okungalungile, okubangela ukuqina noma ukuqina ngokweqile. Ngokufanayo, ukusebenzisa usayizi wesokhethi angalungile kungalimaza amakhanda e-bolt, kubenza kube nzima ukususa noma ukuqinisa. Tshala imali ngamathuluzi asezingeni eliphakeme, kufaka phakathi i-torque ekhanyisiwe kahle kanye nesethi yesokhethi efanisa usayizi we-bolt. Lawa mathuluzi aqinisekisa ukunemba futhi avikele izingxenye zohlelo lwakho lokuphelelwa amandla.
Ngokugwema la maphutha, ungaqedela inqubo yokufaka esikhundleni sama-bolts akhiphelayo ngokuzethemba. Icebo elifanele nokunaka imininingwane vimba izingqinamba njengokuvuza, ukulimala, noma ukugqoka ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Thatha isikhathi sokulandela izinqubo ezifanele futhi usebenzise amathuluzi afanele ngomphumela wekhwalithi yekhwalithi.
Ukunganaki imininingwane yomenzi
Kusetshenziswa amanani ajwayelekile we-torque ngaphandle kokubonisana nencwadi yenkonzo kungaholela ekufakweni okungafanele.
Ukuncika kumanani we-generic torque esikhundleni seUkucaciswa komkhiqiziimvamisa kuphumela ekufakweni okungalungile. Imoto ngayinye kanye nenjini yokwakheka inezidingo ezihlukile, futhi umenzi uhlinzeka ngamanani aqondile e-torque ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle. Ukunganaki la manani kungadala izingqinamba ezinkulu.
Uma usebenzisa i-torque engalungile, ubeka engcupheni ngaphansi kokuqiniseka noma ukuqinisa ngokweqile ama-bolts. Ama-bolts aqiniswe ngaphansi kwamandla angakhulula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, okuholela ekuvuzani kokukhipha futhi anciphise ukusebenza kahle kwenjini. Ama-bolts aqiniswe ngokweqile angakhipha imicu, ugobe i-manifold, noma uqhekeke ikhanda lesilinda. Lezi zinkinga azigcini ngokuyekethisa uhlelo lokuqeda amandla kodwa futhi luhole ekulungiswa okubizayo.
Ukugwema lezi zinkinga, ngaso sonke isikhathi uthintana nencwajana yesevisi yemoto yakho ethile. Le ncwajana iqukethe amanani aqondile we-torque nokulandelana okuqinile okudingekayo ukufakwa okuphephile. Ukulandela lezi zinkombandlela kuqinisekisa ukuthi ama-bolts aphelelwe amandla ahlezi kahle futhi aqiniswe ngokulinganayo.
"Ibhukwana Lenkonzo lingumthombo wakho onokwethenjelwa kakhulu wokucaciswa okunembile kwe-torque nezinqubo."
Kusetshenziswa amanani afanele e-torque nawo athola izici ezinjengokunwetshwa kwe-thermal. Ama-manifolds ekhipha uhlangabezana nezinguquko zokushisa ngokweqile, ezibangela insimbi ukuthi yandise kanye nenkontileka. Ukucaciswa komkhiqizi kubheka lezi zimo, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ama-bolts agcina kufanelekile ngaphandle kokudala umonakalo.
Thatha isikhathi sokuthola nokulandela imininingwane ye-torque encwadini yakho yenkonzo. Lesi sinyathelo siqinisekisa ukufakwa kwekhwalithi esezingeni elifanele futhi sinweba isikhathi sokuphila sohlelo lwakho lokuphelelwa amandla. Ukweqa lemininingwane ebalulekile kungaholela ekuthini buhlungu bekhanda nezindleko ezingadingekile. Hlala ubeka phambili ukunemba nokunemba lapho usebenza emotweni yakho.
I-TORTQUOLY EQHAWULEKILE IZIMBANGELA ZOKUXHUMANISA IZIMPAHLA ZABONAKALA Indima Ebalulekile Ekuvimbeleni Ukuvuza Nokuqinisekisa Injini Yakho Isebenza Ngokuphephile nangendlela efanele. Kufanele usebenzise amathuluzi afanele, ulandele ukulandelana okuqinisisayo okulungile, bese unamathela kumininingwane ye-torque yomenzi. Lezi zinyathelo zivikela izingxenye zakho zenjini futhi zithuthukise ukusebenza kwemoto yakho yonke.
Thatha isikhathi ukulungiselela kahle futhi wenze isinyathelo ngasinye ngokunemba. Le ndlela iqinisekisa ukufakwa okuphephile nokuhlala isikhathi eside. Ngokulandela le mihlahlandlela, uqinisekisa ukuqina kohlelo lwakho lokuphelelwa amandla futhi uvikele ukulungiswa okubizayo ngokuzayo.
Umthandi
Yini ukucaciswa okulungile kwe-torque kwama-bolts amaningi?
Ukucaciswa kwe-torque kwama-bolts akhungatheki ajwayelekile avela kusuka ku-15 kuye ku-30 ft-lbs. Kodwa-ke, kufanele njalo ubhekise kwincwajana yezemisebenzi yemoto yakho ngenani eliqondile. Abakhiqizi baklama lokhu kucaciswa ukuthi baphendule ngezinto ezinjengokunwetshwa kwe-thermal kanye nezinto ezibonakalayo.
Ithiphu:Ungalokothi uthembele kumanani we-generic torque. Kusetshenziswa ukucaciswa okungalungile kungaholela ekuvuza, kumonakalo, noma ukufakwa okungafanele.
Kungani kubalulekile ukulandela ukulandelana okuqhubekayo?
Ukulandelana okuqhubekayo kuqinisekisa ngisho nokusatshalaliswa kwengcindezi ngaphesheya kwe-malifold. Ukuqiniseka okungalingani kungadala ukugoqa, ukuvuza, noma ukulimala kwe-gasket nekhanda lesilinda. Iningi labakhiqizi lincoma ukuqala ngama-bolts aphakathi nendawo futhi lisebenze ngaphandle kwephethini ye-crisscross.
Khumbula:Ukweqa lesi sinyathelo kungahlehlisa ubuqotho bohlelo lwakho lokuphelelwa amandla.
Ngingakwazi ukusebenzisa kabusha ama-bolts akhulayo akhudlwana?
Ukusebenzisa kabusha ama-bolts amadala akunconywa uma ekhombisa izimpawu zokugqoka, ukugqwala, noma ukulimala. Ama-bolts aweluliwe noma abuthakathaka kungenzeka angabambeki i-torque efanele. Njalo hlola ama-bolts ngokucophelela bese ubeka esikhundleni sazo uma kunesidingo.
Ithiphu ye-Pro:Lapho ungabaza, buyisela izimbiza. Kungukutshalwa kwemali okuncane okuvimbela izinkinga ezinkulu kamuva.
Ingabe kufanele ngisebenzise i-anti-ibamba i-compact compact kuma-bolts akhiphelayo?
Kufanele usebenzise kuphela i-anti-ubamba i-complew uma umenzi uyincoma ngokukhethekile. I-Anti-ebamba isiza ukuvikela ama-bolts ekubambeni ngenxa yokushisa okuphezulu, kepha ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kungathinta ukunemba kwe-torque. Njalo hlola incwajana yakho yesevisi ukuze uthole ukuholwa.
Isixwayiso:Ukufaka isicelo kakhulu sokulwa nokubanjwa kungaholela ekuqiniseni ngokweqile, okungalimaza imicu noma manifold.
Kwenzekani uma ngiqinisa ngokweqile ama-bolts?
Ukuqiniseka ngokweqile kungakhipha imicu kunhloko ye-cylinder, warp Lezi zingqinamba zingaholela ekuvuzani kokukhipha, ukulungiswa okubizayo, noma ukulimala kwenjini. Njalo sebenzisa i-torque emnyama evuthayo ukuze usebenzise i-torque efanele.
Iphuzu eliyisihluthulelo:Izindaba zokunemba. Gwema ukuqagela lapho uqinisa ama-bolts.
Ngazi kanjani ukuthi i-torque wrench yami inembile?
Ukuqinisekisa ukunemba, ukulinganisa i-torque wrench yakho njalo. Iningi labakhiqizi lincoma ukulinganisa njalo ezinyangeni eziyi-12 noma ngemuva kokusetshenziswa okungu-5,000. Ungayiyisa kwisevisi yokulinganisa engochwepheshe noma usebenzise i-torque wrench tester.
Ithiphu Esheshayo:Gcina i-torque wrench yakho kahle futhi ugweme ukuyilahla ukuze ulondoloze ukunemba kwayo.
Ngingakwazi yini ukuqinisa ama-bolts akhulisiwe ngaphandle kwe-torque wrench?
Usebenzisa i-torque wrench kubalulekile ukuze ufeze i-torque efanele. Ukuqinisa ngesandla noma ukusebenzisa i-ratchet ejwayelekile akukwazi ukuhlinzeka ngokunemba okudingekayo. I-torque engalungile ingaholela ekuvuzeni, ukulimala, noma ingcindezi engalingani.
Iseluleko:Tshala imali kwi-torque grown. Ithuluzi elibalulekile kunoma yikuphi ukulungiswa kwezimoto.
Ngikuhlola kanjani ukuvuza ngemuva kokufakwa?
Qala injini bese uyivumela ingasebenzi. Hlola indawo ezungeze amakhono okuphelelwa amandla ngenxa yentuthu ebonakalayo, imisindo evuthayo, noma imisindo yokuphawula. Ungasebenzisa futhi isisombululo samanzi sensipho ukuthola ukuvuza. Faka isicelo kumaphoyinti okuxhuma bese ubheka ama-bubble.
Ithiphu ye-Pro:Khuluma noma yikuphi ukuvuza ngokushesha ukuvikela ukulimala okwengeziwe.
Yimaphi amathuluzi adingekayo ekubuyiseleni ama-bolts akhiphelayo?
Uzodinga i-torque wrench, isethi yesokhethi, i-ratchet noma ibha ye-breaker, ukuhlanza intambo, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi ku-anti-baze. Lawa mathuluzi aqinisekisa ukufakwa okufanele futhi akusize ukufeza i-torque efanele.
Isikhumbuzi:Kusetshenziswa amathuluzi afanele kuvimbela amaphutha futhi kuvikele izingxenye zakho zenjini.
Kungani kubalulekile ukubonisana nencwadi yenkonzo?
Incwajana Yezinsizakalo ihlinzeka ngokucaciswa kwe-torque ngqo, ukulandelana okuqinisa, neminye imininingwane ebucayi yemoto yakho ethile. Ukulandela lezi zinkombandlela kuqinisekisa ukufakwa okuphephile nokuthembekile.
Umcabango wokugcina:Ibhukwana Lenkonzo lingumthombo wakho omuhle kakhulu wokulungiswa okunembile nangokuphepha. Njalo gcina ilusizo.
Isikhathi sePosi: Dec-30-2024