• isibhengezo_sangaphakathi
  • isibhengezo_sangaphakathi
  • isibhengezo_sangaphakathi

Ungayisusa Kanjani I-Intake Manifold ngezinyathelo eziyi-10 ezilula

Ungayisusa Kanjani I-Intake Manifold ngezinyathelo eziyi-10 ezilula

Ungayisusa Kanjani I-Intake Manifold ngezinyathelo eziyi-10 ezilula

Umthombo Wesithombe:ama-pexels

I-Intake Manifold: Ingxenye ebalulekile enjinini, iindlela yokukhipha i-multifold intakeidlala indima ebalulekile ekusabalaliseni umoya kumasilinda kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuvutha okulungile.Umongo wegobolondo onembe kakhuluubuchwepheshe buthuthukisa ukusebenza nokusebenza kahle, bubambe iqhaza ekuhambeni komoya okushelelayo kanye nokusebenza kwenjini okuthuthukisiwe. Le ngxenye ibalulekile ezimotweni ezinenjini engu-V, ehlinzeka ngobude obunwetshiwe bomgijimi endaweni elinganiselwe. Ngokuvumela injini ukuphefumula ngempumelelo, thei-aftermarket eningiiqinisekisa ukusatshalaliswa komoya okufanayo kuwo wonke amasilinda ukuze kusebenze okuthuthukisiwe.

Inqubo Yokususa Okuningi

Inqubo Yokususa Okuningi
Umthombo Wesithombe:ama-pexels

Niniukulungiselelaukususa inqwaba yokudla, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa konkeizinyathelo zokuphephazisendaweni. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukugqoka amagiya afanele okuphepha kanye nokuvumela injini ukuthi iphole ngokwanele. Okufanelekileukupholisa injiniivimbela noma yiziphi izingozi noma ukulimala phakathi nenqubo yokususa.

Ukuze uqale, isinyathelo sokuqala sihilelaukususaisihlungi somoya nesiqukathi. Qala ngokukhipha ngokucophelela isihlungi somoya, uqinisekise ukuthi ungasilimazi ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Bese uqhubeka nokukhipha isitsha, wenze isiqiniseko sokuthi ugcina umkhondo wazo zonke izingxenye ezisusiwe ukuze zihlanganiswe kabusha kamuva.

Amathuluzi Nezingxenye Ezidingekayo

Amathuluzi Adingekayo

  • Isethi yesokhethi engu-3/8
  • 8, 10, 12, 14mm amasokhethi
  • 3/8 isiqephu
  • Izandiso
  • Amapulangwe ahlukahlukene

Izingxenye Ezidingekayo

  • Amapayipi okukhipha ipayipi
  • Ulayini wesibaseli uyanqamuka
  • I-TGV kuma-gaskets enjini
  • Ukupholisa

Ngokulandela lezi zinyathelo ngenkuthalo futhi usebenzise i-amathuluzi acacisiwe nezingxenye, ungakwazi ukuqedela ngempumeleloukuthatha inqubo yokususa ehlukahlukenekalula.

Isinyathelo 1:Nqamula i-Fuel Line

Ukuze ngempumelelonqamula ulayini wamafuthangesikhathi senqubo yokukhipha izinto eziningi, kubalulekile ukuthola ulayini kaphethiloli ngokunembile. Ulayini kaphethiloli uvamise ukuba eduze nendawo eningi oyithathayo futhi ungakhonjwa ngokuxhunywa kwawo enjinini. Uma usuwutholile ulayini kaphethiloli, qhubeka ngokuqapha ukuze ugweme noma yikuphi ukuchitheka noma ukuvuza.

Okulandelayo, qala i-inqubo yokunqamulangokukhulula ngokucophelela okokufaka okuvikela ulayini wamafutha endaweni. Sebenzisa amathuluzi afanelekile afana neziphantshi zokususa ipayipi ukuze unqamule ulayini kaphethiloli kahle. Qinisekisa ukuthi unesitsha esilungele ukubamba noma yimuphi uphethiloli oweqile ongase uphele phakathi nalesi sinyathelo.

Khumbula ukuphatha ulayini kaphethiloli kahle futhi ulandele izimiso zokuphepha ukuze uvimbele noma yiziphi izingozi noma ukulimala. Ngokunqamula ulayini kaphethiloli ngendlela efanele, uvula indlela yokuqhubeka okungenamthungo ngenqubo yokukhipha izinto eziningi.

Thola i-Fuel Line

  • Khomba indawo yayo eduze nobuningi bokudla
  • Hlola ukuxhumana okuholela enjinini

Inqamula inqubo

  • Khulula okokufaka ubambe ngokuvikelekile ulayini wamafutha
  • Sebenzisa ipayipi lokususa ipayipi ukuze unqamule kahle

Isinyathelo sesi-2: Khulula Amantongomane

Indawo Yamantongomane

Lapho uqhubeka nokususwa kokuthatha okuningana, thola amantongomane avikela i-carburetor futhi adle ngokuphindaphindiwe ndawonye. Lawa mantongomane ngokuvamile abekwe ezindaweni ezithile eduze nomhlangano, adinga ukunakwa kwemininingwane ukuze asuswe ngempumelelo.

Inqubo Yokukhulula

Ukuze ukhulule amantongomane ngempumelelo ngalesi sinyathelo, sebenzisa isikrufu esivulekile esingu-10 mm noma isokhethi/i-ratchet engu-10 mm. Beka ngokucophelela ithuluzi phezu kwamantongomane futhi usebenzise ukucindezela kancane kancane ngendlela ephikisana newashi ukuze uwaxege. Qinisekisa ukuthi amandla angaguquki asetshenziswa ukuvimbela ukulimala ezingxenyeni ezizungezile.

Uma wonke amantongomane esekhululiwe ngokwanele, wasuse ngokucophelela ezindaweni zawo. Gcina umbhalo walokho nati ngalinye ukuze wenze kube lula ukuhlangana kabusha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ohlelweni. Ngokulandela lokhuindlela yokwenza, ungathuthukela ngempumelelo ngenqubo yokususa eningi ngokunemba nangokulula.

Ukuhlanganisa lawa mathuluzi ngaphandle komthungo ekuhambeni kwakho komsebenzi kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle nokunemba phakathi nenqubo yokususa. Khumbula ukuphatha inadi ngalinye ngobunono futhi uligcine ngokuvikelekile ukuze ligcinwe kuze kube yilapho kudingekile ukulifaka kabusha.

Isinyathelo sesi-3:Susa I-Intake Manifold

Inqubo Yokususa Okuningi

Ukwenza i-inqubo yokususwa eminingingempumelelo, qala ngokusebenzisa i-wrench evulekile engu-10 mm noma isokhethi/i-ratchet engu-10 mm ukuze ukhulule futhi ususe amantongomane avikela ukuphindaphinda okuningi. Khipha ngokucophelela inadi ngalinye ulibhekise ohlangothini oluphambene newashi, uqinisekise ukucindezela okungaguquki ukuze uvimbele noma yimuphi umonakalo. Uma wonke amantongomane esusiwe, khipha ngobumnene umthamo wokungenisa endlini yawo.

Ngemuva kokukhipha ngempumelelo i-multifold intake, qhubeka nayoukuhlanza amachweba wokungenaukugcina ukusebenza kahle kwenjini. Sebenzisa i-vacuum ukuze ususe noma iyiphi imfucumfucu noma ukungcola okunqwabelene phakathi kwezimbobo. Hlola ngokucophelela futhi uhlanze imbobo ngayinye ukuze uqinisekise ukugeleza komoya ngendlela efanele kanye nokusebenza kahle komlilo.

Ukuhlanza Amachweba Okungena

  • Sebenzisa i-vacuum ukususa imfucumfucu
  • Hlola imbobo ngayinye ngokucophelela
  • Qinisekisa ukuhlanzwa okuphelele ukuze usebenze kahle

Ngokulandela lezi zinyathelo ngenkuthalo, ungakwazi ukuqedela ngaphandle komthungo inqubo yokukhipha eningi futhi ulondoloze ukusebenza kwenjini yakho ngokusemandleni akho.

I-MerCruiser Intake Manifold Removal

Amathuluzi Akhethekile Nezingxenye

Amathuluzi we-MerCruiser

Lapho egibela i-Ukususwa kwe-MerCruiser okunifold, kubalulekile ukuthi ube namathuluzi afanele onawo. IAmathuluzi we-MerCruiserokudingekayo kulo msebenzi kufaka phakathi isethi yesokhethi engu-3/8, amasokhethi ahlukahlukene asukela ku-8mm kuya ku-14mm, i-ratchet engu-3/8, izandiso zokufinyelela okwengeziwe, namapulangwe ahlukahlukene. Lawa mathuluzi abalulekile ekuhlakazeni ngokuyimpumelelo ubuningi bokudla nokuqinisekisa inqubo yokususa ebushelelezi.

Izingxenye ze-MerCruiser

Ngaphezu kwamathuluzi, izingxenye ezithile ziyadingeka ukuzeUkususwa kwe-MerCruiser okunifoldinqubo. Lezi zingxenye zihlanganisa amapayipi okukhipha ithumbu lokunqamula amapayipi ngokuphephile, ulayini kaphethiloli uyanqanyulwa ukuze kukhishwe ulayini wamafutha ngokuphephile,I-TGV kuma-gaskets enjiniyezingxenye zokuvala kabusha, kanye nesipholile ukugcina izinga lokushisa elilungile lenjini kuyo yonke inqubo. Ukuba nalezi zingxenye zitholakala kalula kuzolula inqubo yokususa futhi kube nengxenye kumphumela oyimpumelelo.

Isinyathelo 1: Ukulungiselela

Izinyathelo Zokuphepha

Ukubeka phambili ukuphepha kubalulekile uma ulungiselelaUkususwa kwe-MerCruiser okunifold. Qinisekisa ukuthi zonke izinyathelo zokuphepha zikhona ngaphambi kokuqala umsebenzi. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukugqoka izinto zokuzivikela ezifanele njengamagilavu ​​nezibuko ukuvikela ukulimala. Ukwengeza, qiniseka ukuthi injini ipholile ngokuphelele ukuze ugweme noma yiziphi izingozi phakathi nenqubo yokususa.

Ukupholisa Injini

Ukupholisa kahle injini kubalulekile ngaphambi kokuyiqalisaUkususwa kwe-MerCruiser okunifold. Ukuvumela isikhathi esanele sokuthi injini iphole kunciphisa ingozi yokusha noma okunye ukungahambi kahle lapho uphatha izingxenye ezithile. Ngokupholisa injini ngokwanele, udala indawo yokusebenza ephephile esiza inqubo yokususa ebushelelezi nephumelelayo.

Isinyathelo sesi-2: Nqamula i-Fuel Line

Lapho esondelainqubo yokunqamulakolayini kaphethiloli, ukunemba nokuqapha kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukuhlonza iindawo kaphethilolieduze kwe-multifold intake kubalulekile kwinqubo yokususa engenamthungo. Ukuxhumana okuholela enjini kusebenza njengenkomba ecacile yendawo yayo. Ukusebenzisa amathuluzi akhethekile afanaAmathuluzi wokunqamula ulayini kaphethiloliiqinisekisa ukunqanyulwa okuphephile nokusebenza kahle ngaphandle kokuchitheka noma ukuvuza.

Ukuqala i-inqubo yokunqamulaidinga ukunakwa ngokucophelela emininingwaneni. Ukuxegisa okokufaka ngokuvikelekile ubambe ulayini kaphethiloli endaweni kudinga inhlawulo kanye nobuchwepheshe. NgeIpayipi le-hose remover Isibaseli, khipha kahle ulayini kaphethiloli ukuze ugweme noma yimuphi umonakalo noma iphutha phakathi nalesi sinyathelo esibalulekile.

Ngokulandela lezi zinyathelo ngenkuthalo, ungakwazi ukuzulazula ku-ukunqanyulwa kolayini kaphethilolingokuzethemba nangokunemba, ukubeka isisekelo esiqinile senqubo yokususa ephumelelayo yokuthatha.

Isinyathelo sesi-3: Khulula Amantongomane

Indawo Yamantongomane

Ukuze uqhubeke nenqubo yokususa ngokushelela, khomba izindawo ezithile zamantongomane avikela i-carburetor futhi adle ngokuphindaphindiwe ndawonye. Lamantongomane adlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni ubuqotho besakhiwo somhlangano.

Inqubo Yokukhulula

Lapho ukhulula amantongomane, qinisekisa ukunemba nokunakekelwa ukuze ugweme noma yimuphi umonakalo ezingxenyeni ezizungezile. Sebenzisa i-wrench evulekile engu-10 mm noma isokhethi/i-ratchet engu-10 mm kulo msebenzi. Faka ingcindezi kancane kancane ohlangothini oluphambene newashi ukuze uxegise inadi ngalinye ngempumelelo.

Ngokulandela lezi zinyathelo ngokucophelela, ungalungiselela umhlangano wokuqaqa ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukusebenza kwawo noma ukuzinza.

Isinyathelo sesi-4: Maka futhi ukhiphe i-Gasket

Ukumaka i-Gasket

Ngaphambi kokukhipha i-gasket, maka indawo yayo ngokucophelela ukuze uqinisekise ukuqondanisa okufanele ngesikhathi sokufakwa kabusha. Lesi sinyathelo sibalulekile ukuze ulondoloze ukungaguquguquki nokuvimbela noma yiziphi izinkinga zokungaqondani kahle.

Ukususa i-Gasket

Khipha ngokucophelela i-gasket ngokuyihlubula ngobumnene endaweni yayo. Thatha isikhathi sakho ukuze ugweme ukudabula noma ukulimaza i-gasket, njengoba isebenza njengophawu olubalulekile phakathi kwezingxenye.

Ngokumaka nokukhipha i-gasket ngendlela, uvula indlela yenqubo ephumelelayo yokudilizwa kuyilapho ulondoloza ubuqotho bengxenye.

Isinyathelo sesi-5: Susa I-Intake Manifold

Inqubo Yokususa Okuningi

Lapho ubhekana ne-ukususwa kwenani eliningi lokudla, ukunemba nokunakekelwa kubaluleke kakhulu ukuze kuqinisekiswe inqubo ebushelelezi. Qala ngokusebenzisa aI-wrench evulekile engu-10 mmnoma isokhethi/i-ratchet engu-10 mm yokukhulula nokukhipha amantongomane avikela ubuningi bokudla. Khipha inadi ngalinye kancane kancane ulibhekise ohlangothini oluphambene newashi, ugcine ukucindezela okungaguquki ukuze uvimbele noma yimuphi umonakalo. Uma wonke amantongomane esehlukanisiwe, hlukanisa ngobumnene inani eliningi lokudla endaweni yalo.

Ngemuva kokukhipha ngempumelelo ubuningi bokudla, kubalulekile ukugxila kukhoukuhlanza amachweba wokungenaukuze injini isebenze kahle. Sebenzisa i-vacuum ukuze uqede noma iyiphi imfucumfucu noma ukungcola okunqwabelene phakathi kwamachweba. Hlola ngokucophelela imbobo ngayinye ukuze uqinisekise ukugeleza komoya okufanele kanye nokusebenza kahle komlilo.

Ukuhlanza Amachweba Okungena

  • Sebenzisa i-vacuum ukuze ususe imfucumfucu
  • Hlola imbobo ngayinye ngokucophelela
  • Qinisekisa ukuhlanzwa okuphelele ukuze usebenze kahle

Ngokulandela lezi zinyathelo ngenkuthalo, ungakwazi ukuqedela ngaphandle komthungo inqubo yokukhipha eningi futhi ulondoloze ukusebenza kwenjini yakho ngokusemandleni akho.

Ukususwa Okuningi Nokushintshwa

Ukususwa Okuningi Nokushintshwa
Umthombo Wesithombe:ama-pexels

Amathuluzi Nezingxenye Ezidingekayo

Amathuluzi Adingekayo

  • Isethi yesokhethi engu-3/8
  • 8, 10, 12, 14mm amasokhethi
  • 3/8 isiqephu
  • Izandiso zokufinyelela okwengeziwe
  • Amapulangwe ahlukahlukene emisebenzi ehlukahlukene

Izingxenye Ezidingekayo

  • Amapayipi okukhipha ipayipi ukuze kunqamuke ipayipi elivikelekile
  • Ulayini wesibaseli uyanqamuka ukuze unqamule ulayini wamafutha ngokuphephile
  • I-TGV kuma-gaskets enjini ukuze iphinde ivalwe kabusha ngempumelelo
  • Ukupholisa ukuze kugcinwe izinga lokushisa elilungile lenjini phakathi nenqubo

Isinyathelo 1: Ukulungiselela

Izinyathelo Zokuphepha

Beka kuqala ukuphepha ngokugqoka izinto zokuzivikela ezifanele njengamagilavu ​​nezibuko. Qinisekisa indawo yokusebenza ephephile ngokulandela zonke izinyathelo zokuphepha ezinconyiwe.

Ukupholisa Injini

Vumela injini isikhathi esanele sokuphola ngokuphelele ngaphambi kokuqala inqubo yokususa ehlukahlukene. Lesi sinyathelo sibalulekile ekuvimbeleni noma yiziphi izingozi noma ukulimala phakathi nenqubo.

Isinyathelo sesi-2: Khipha Isihlungi Somoya Nesitsha

Ukususwa Kwesihlungi Somoya

Khipha ngokucophelela isihlungi somoya ukuze ufinyelele kalula ekuthatheni okuningi. Phatha isihlungi somoya ngokucophelela ukuze uvimbele umonakalo.

Ukususwa Kwesitsha

Khipha isiqukathi ngenkathi ulandelela zonke izingxenye ezikhishiwe ukuze zihlanganiswe kabusha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Izingxenye zokuhlela kuqinisekisa inqubo yokushintshanisa ebushelelezi ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa yinoma yiziphi izakhi ezibalulekile.

Isinyathelo sesi-3: Nqamula i-Fuel Line

Thola i-Fuel Line

Ukuze uqhubeke ngempumelelo nenqubo yokususa eningi, ngokunembiletholaulayini kaphethiloli obekwe eduze kwe-multifold intake. Ukuba seduze kwelayini kaphethiloli enjinini kuyenza ibonakale kalula uma inqanyulwa ngaphandle komthungo.

Inqamula inqubo

Qala i-inqubo yokunqamulangokuqinisekisa ukuthi ulayini kaphethiloli uwuhlonze ngendlela efanele. Sebenzisa amathuluzi akhethekile afanaUlayini wesibaseli uyanqamukaukunqamula ngokuphephile ulayini kaphethiloli ngaphandle kokubangela ukuvuza noma ukuchitheka. Khulula ngokucophelela futhi ususe noma yikuphi okokufaka okubambe ulayini kaphethiloli endaweni ukuze kube lula ukunqanyulwa.

Ngokulandela lezi zinyathelo ngenkuthalo, ungakwazi ukuzulazula ngokuphumelelayo ekunqamuleni ulayini kaphethiloli, ubeke isisekelo esiqinile senqubo ephumelelayo yokukhipha izinto eziningi.

Isinyathelo sesi-4: Khulula amantongomane

Indawo Yamantongomane

Lapho ulungiselela ukukhulula amantongomane, zihlonze izindawo zazo ngokucophelela. Amantongomane avikela i-carburetor kanye ne-multifold intake abekwe ngendlela ehlelekile eceleni komhlangano. Thola inadi ngalinye ngokuqondile ukuze uqinisekise indlela ehlelekile yenqubo yokususa.

Inqubo Yokukhulula

Ukuze ukhulule amantongomane ngempumelelo, sebenzisa isikrufu esivulekile esingu-10 mm noma a10 mm isokhethi/i-ratchet. Faka ingcindezi kancane kancane endaweni ephambene newashi ukuze ukhulule inadi ngalinye ngokuphephile. Ngokulandela le ndlela yokwenza, ungakwazi ukukhulula ngokuhlelekile wonke amantongomane ngaphandle kokudala umonakalo ezingxenyeni ezizungezile.

Isinyathelo sesi-5: Maka bese Ususa ifayelaI-Gasket

Ukumaka i-Gasket

Ngaphambi kokuqhubekaukususa i-gasket, zinike isikhathi sokumaka indawo yayo ngokunembile. Ukumaka kuqinisekisa ukuqondanisa okufanele ngesikhathi sokufakwa kabusha, kugcina ubuqotho bengxenye kuyo yonke inqubo.

Ukususa i-Gasket

Khipha ngokucophelela i-gasket ekubekweni kwayo, uqinisekiseukuphatha kahleukuvimbela ukudabuka noma ukulimala. Ukususa i-gasket kuqinisekisa inqubo yokudilizwa ebushelelezi kuyilapho kulondoloza ubuqotho bayo besakhiwo.

Isinyathelo sesi-6: Susa i-Ubakakikanye namaFasteners

Ukususwa Kwebakaki

Beka kuqalaekhipha ubakakiokokuqala ngaphambi kokubhekana nezibophelelo ngaphansi nangaphezulu kwe-multifold intake. Qala ngokukhipha ubakaki ngokucophelela ukuze wenze izinyathelo ezilandelayo zibe lula.

Ukususwa kwe-Fasteners

Ngemva kokukhipha ubakaki, qhubekaukususa ama-fastenersetholakala ngaphansi nangaphezulu kwendawo eningi yokudla. Qinisekisa ukunaka okucophelela emininingwaneni lapho ukhulula isibophelelo ngasinye ukuze sikhishwe ngempumelelo ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukuqina kwezinye izingxenye.

Isinyathelo sesi-7: Susa I-Intake Manifold

Inqubo Yokususa Okuningi

  1. Hlukanisa Amantongomane: Qala ngokusebenzisa isikrufu esivulekile esingu-10 mm noma isokhethi/i-ratchet engu-10 mm ukuze ukhulule futhi ususe amantongomane avikela ubuningi bokudla. Khipha inadi ngalinye ohlangothini oluphambene newashi ngokucindezela okungaguquki ukuze uvimbele umonakalo.
  2. Hlukanisa Ngomusa: Uma wonke amantongomane esekhululiwe, khipha ngobumnene ukuphindaphindeka okuningana endlini yawo. Thatha isikhathi sakho ukuze uqinisekise inqubo yokususa ebushelelezi ngaphandle kokubangela noma yimuphi umonakalo ezingxenyeni ezizungezile.

Ukuhlanza Amachweba Okungena

  1. Susa Imfucumfucu: Sebenzisa i-vacuum ukuhlanza amachweba okungena kahle. Susa noma yikuphi ukungcola noma imfucumfucu enqwabelene phakathi kwezimbobo ukuze injini isebenze ngokugcwele.
  2. Ukuhlola Okucophelelayo: Hlola imbobo ngayinye ngokucophelela ukuze uqinisekise ukugeleza komoya okufanele kanye nokusebenza kahle kwamandla omlilo. Qinisekisa ukuthi zonke izimbobo zihlanzekile futhi azinazo izithiyo.

Isinyathelo sesi-8: Izinyathelo Zokugcina

Ukuhlola Indawo

  • Ukuhlola Okuphelele: Yenza uhlolo oluningiliziwe lwendawo ngemuva kokukhipha ubuningi bokudla. Hlola noma yiziphi izinsalela ezisele noma izimpawu zokuguga ezingase zidinge ukunakwa.
  • Qinisekisa Inhlanzeko: Qinisekisa ukuthi indawo ihlanzekile futhi ayinazo izingxenye ezisele noma ukungcola okungase kuphazamise ukusebenza kwenjini.

Ifaka esikhundleni se-New Manifold

  • Vikela Ukufakwa: Uma ufaka esikhundleni se-manifold entsha, qinisekisa ukuthi ibekwe endaweni ngokuphephile. Landela imihlahlandlela efanele yokufakwa ukuze ulondoloze ukusebenza kwenjini.
  • Qinisa ama-Fasteners: Bopha ngokuphephile wonke amantongomane namabhawudi ukuze uvimbele noma yikuphi ukuxhumeka okuxekethile okungaholela ezinkingeni ngokuzayo.

Ukuphetha, inqubo yokukhipha izinto eziningi iwumsebenzi obalulekile wokulungisa oqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kwenjini. Ngokulandela i-izinyathelo ezilula ezichazwe ngenhla, ungakwazi ukususa ngokuphumelelayo ukuphindaphinda okuningi futhi wenze imoto yakho isebenze kahle futhi. Khumbula ukuhlanza amachweba okungena kahle ukuze ugcine ukusebenza kahle. Ukuze uthole umphumela oyimpumelelo, hlola indawo ngokucophelela bese ufaka enye inhlobonhlobo entsha ngokuvikelekile. Hlala ubeke phambiliizinyathelo zokuphephafuthi ubheke imanyuwali yemoto yakho ukuze uthole imiyalelo ethile. Unalawa macebiso engqondweni, ungakwazi ukubhekana ngokuzethemba le nqubo ebalulekile.

 


Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-29-2024